For example:5 }4 P2 O1 G* r
Do you know whom they are looking for? 你知道他们在找谁吗?(宾语从句,陈述语序。不能是whom are they looking for?)2 V3 i& P# v1 R6 z7 P( e
I don’t know who did it. 我不知道这是谁干的。(宾语从句。在从句中如果疑问词作主语,其陈述语序和疑问语序一致。). E) H9 A! L# E M9 J+ P
She asked me where I had been. 她问我到哪儿去了。(宾语从句。陈述语序,不能是where had I been. 直接引语,间接引语。注意这句话的时态。)
1 M; V8 w b- I X Can you tell me when the train will arrive? 你能告诉我火车什么时候到吗?(宾语从句。陈述语序,不能是when will the train arrive. 直接引语,间接引语。)
3 r2 I% ~& h6 k' H; H; W- G8 x I don’t know why he hasn’t come yet. 我不知道他为什么还没来。(宾语从句,陈述语序。不能是why hasn’t he come yet.)
; J/ v! U; H4 [ V3 m8 f He didn’t tell me what you were doing. 他没和我说你在干什么。(宾语从句,陈述语序。不能是what were you doing.). y4 _! k7 ?/ W# L' u
What you have done might do harm t other people. 你所做过的事情有可能伤害别人。(主语从句。what 作从句的宾语。陈述语序,不能是what have you done. 如果用疑问语序,意思发生了变化,成了“你做了什么?”。)
( I4 z. q% B4 ?% `8 p I don’t know where he is now. 我不知道他现在在哪里。(宾语从句,陈述语序。不能是where is he now.)+ q m7 V1 J m. [ `
Where he went for his weekend is not known. 不知道他去哪里过的周末。(主语从句,where 作从句的地点状语。陈述语序,不能是where did he go for his weekend.)
: m7 U$ H% y2 C0 N3 U Whose fault this is is not important. 这是谁的过错并不重要。(主语从句,whose 作从句的定语。陈述语序,不能是whose fault is this.), T+ a1 F3 M! J
What I want to know is where he has gone for his weekend. 我想知道的是他到哪里度周末去了。(这句话包含两个名词性从句:what I want to know是主语从句,what 在从句中作宾语,从句用陈述语序,不能是What do I want to know. Where he has gone for his weekend 是表语从句,where 在从句中作状语,从句用陈述语序,不能是where has he gone for his weekend.)6 c& O. \* v7 N) ]+ y: A: P
下面我们再分别讲述主语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句和表语从句。
. `) D! |- s1 R3 l6 h" b 主语从句
6 F* w7 n/ X. S8 z2 Z- e9 E 1.that 引导主语从句时,that 没有意义,但不能省略。(that 引导宾语从句时可以省略。)
9 l, }. s) U9 G) v4 X For example:" S- A8 ?) L9 @* y
It worried her a bit that her hair was turning gray. 她的头发正在变白,这使她很不安。that引导主语从句,it 作形式主语,that 不能省略。
2 |7 }9 k2 ` z- W4 |9 P That she is a rich woman is known to us all. 众所周知,她是个富有的女人。这是that 引导主语从句,that 不能省略。这句话可以改为用it 作形式主语的句型。请同学们改写:It is known to us all that she is a rich woman.)9 L. a2 ?1 V5 o
We didn’t know (that) you had sold your house. 我们不知道你已经把你的房子卖了。这是that引导宾语从句,that 可以省略。注意这句话的时态。
- g2 ?( a3 R$ G& A3 D+ f A 2.从句作主语时,多数情况下由 it 作形式主语,而把主语从句放在后面,尤其是谓语部分(包括宾语)较短的情况下。$ J, p \5 v! q- z$ H
For example:
' R7 W5 v, }5 s- ^ It wasn’t very clear what she meant. 不清楚她是什么意思。
" L- q i/ t# p5 i' ]; c* o It is important that he should come on time. 他按时来是很重要的。& f/ F/ v* a* \: h) V6 [0 \. c
It is true that that man on the left is a well-known writer here. 左边那个人是本地的一位著名作家,这是真的。这里,第一个that 引导主语从句,是单纯的连词,无词义,不作句子成分。第二个that 是指示代词,作句子成分,是man 的定语。
# ~% C6 ]6 u P+ C( y1 v 3.whether 既可以引导主语从句也可以引导宾语从句,但if不能引导主语从句。whether 后面可以加or not, 而if 不能与or not 连用。作介词宾语时不用if.
8 u: l/ K# K( K. y For example:
' \6 B9 S q/ v \ Whether I knew John doesn’t matter. = It doesn’t matter whether I knew John. 我是否认识约翰没有关系。# L6 |) x2 ?2 _- V8 ?
Whether or not she’ll come isn’t clear. = Whether she’ll come or not isn’t clear. = It isn’t clear whether …. 她是否来还不清楚。 |