For example:/ h) U5 O/ P' p* B
Do you know whom they are looking for? 你知道他们在找谁吗?(宾语从句,陈述语序。不能是whom are they looking for?)
/ X- c# I8 ^0 J- W I don’t know who did it. 我不知道这是谁干的。(宾语从句。在从句中如果疑问词作主语,其陈述语序和疑问语序一致。)
4 V, b) J3 G8 M% Z/ t! ^ She asked me where I had been. 她问我到哪儿去了。(宾语从句。陈述语序,不能是where had I been. 直接引语,间接引语。注意这句话的时态。)
6 U0 U5 o) x3 F% | Can you tell me when the train will arrive? 你能告诉我火车什么时候到吗?(宾语从句。陈述语序,不能是when will the train arrive. 直接引语,间接引语。), M/ ~# |, b! d: K, Y
I don’t know why he hasn’t come yet. 我不知道他为什么还没来。(宾语从句,陈述语序。不能是why hasn’t he come yet.)( g" O- ~: S6 l# ?
He didn’t tell me what you were doing. 他没和我说你在干什么。(宾语从句,陈述语序。不能是what were you doing.)
& M- H6 e" i- Y* p6 X What you have done might do harm t other people. 你所做过的事情有可能伤害别人。(主语从句。what 作从句的宾语。陈述语序,不能是what have you done. 如果用疑问语序,意思发生了变化,成了“你做了什么?”。)6 ~2 ?! ^+ v h/ a' h! R
I don’t know where he is now. 我不知道他现在在哪里。(宾语从句,陈述语序。不能是where is he now.)
# l- v2 c- B- N Where he went for his weekend is not known. 不知道他去哪里过的周末。(主语从句,where 作从句的地点状语。陈述语序,不能是where did he go for his weekend.)7 I4 B) D; C; K, \/ p, H* l
Whose fault this is is not important. 这是谁的过错并不重要。(主语从句,whose 作从句的定语。陈述语序,不能是whose fault is this.)% o8 C f2 D$ L! e9 a
What I want to know is where he has gone for his weekend. 我想知道的是他到哪里度周末去了。(这句话包含两个名词性从句:what I want to know是主语从句,what 在从句中作宾语,从句用陈述语序,不能是What do I want to know. Where he has gone for his weekend 是表语从句,where 在从句中作状语,从句用陈述语序,不能是where has he gone for his weekend.)
6 z! [! }' j9 r1 y2 W 下面我们再分别讲述主语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句和表语从句。: ?5 p/ g4 K [( F
主语从句- w2 a) R2 F# {" Z! G
1.that 引导主语从句时,that 没有意义,但不能省略。(that 引导宾语从句时可以省略。)( a) Y s( |2 k" l2 e. W. k8 S" _
For example:
+ K0 ~4 D$ M/ [9 C% T& ?% S) T It worried her a bit that her hair was turning gray. 她的头发正在变白,这使她很不安。that引导主语从句,it 作形式主语,that 不能省略。9 A( p' ^$ {+ p# H
That she is a rich woman is known to us all. 众所周知,她是个富有的女人。这是that 引导主语从句,that 不能省略。这句话可以改为用it 作形式主语的句型。请同学们改写:It is known to us all that she is a rich woman.)
7 s. m- c- W# N, o. } We didn’t know (that) you had sold your house. 我们不知道你已经把你的房子卖了。这是that引导宾语从句,that 可以省略。注意这句话的时态。 \4 X( v; ?3 A! X' a
2.从句作主语时,多数情况下由 it 作形式主语,而把主语从句放在后面,尤其是谓语部分(包括宾语)较短的情况下。1 q6 [/ u+ z( D; w% j
For example:
+ Q- n4 H6 q) o4 T s2 P. J3 E! | It wasn’t very clear what she meant. 不清楚她是什么意思。' @3 d1 Z6 [ f
It is important that he should come on time. 他按时来是很重要的。
. t& o# T- Q! C9 n& J& u It is true that that man on the left is a well-known writer here. 左边那个人是本地的一位著名作家,这是真的。这里,第一个that 引导主语从句,是单纯的连词,无词义,不作句子成分。第二个that 是指示代词,作句子成分,是man 的定语。* G( V" V' e i
3.whether 既可以引导主语从句也可以引导宾语从句,但if不能引导主语从句。whether 后面可以加or not, 而if 不能与or not 连用。作介词宾语时不用if.3 T8 B+ z+ r: v: M" c( F! d
For example:( c5 n/ b; m- b
Whether I knew John doesn’t matter. = It doesn’t matter whether I knew John. 我是否认识约翰没有关系。; W' }0 F4 D% R% G
Whether or not she’ll come isn’t clear. = Whether she’ll come or not isn’t clear. = It isn’t clear whether …. 她是否来还不清楚。 |