1) 疑问代词在句中起名词词组的作用,用来构成疑问句。疑问代词有下列几个:# r7 o) S' x6 a% F# f' K4 f
指人: who, whom, whose ' ?# Z/ [" a7 G% u& O( L1 i: T0 r 指物: what& y+ L& q$ T4 F# [
既可指人又可指物: which ' ^# S+ [3 s8 O7 f p) Y5 T; r 2) 疑问代词在句中应位于谓语动词之前,没有性和数的变化,除who之外也没有格的变化。what, which, whose还可作限定词。试比较:$ R+ M* e# R/ G3 G Z) u% v' w
疑问代词:Whose are these books on the desk? 桌上的书是谁的?1 J# h2 r4 \% v7 s7 F/ l5 t
What was the directional flow of U. S. territorial expansion? 美国的领土扩张是朝哪个方向的?) J5 w8 u+ u. p
限定词:Whose books are these on the desk? 桌上的书是谁的? ; ]& H: J5 k- U2 v$ ? What events led to most of the east of the Mississippi River becoming part of the United States? ' C. k+ u. @. h+ P2 G 哪些事件使密西西比河以东的大部分土地归属于美国? ( _3 A( S4 o5 ]& | 说明1:无论是做疑问代词还是限定词,which 和 what 所指的范围不同。what所指的范围是无限的,而which则指在一定的范围内。例如: 6 n$ k* G0 V3 ^& g9 ` Which girls do you like best? 你喜欢哪几个姑娘? % I$ Q; `6 v8 D. C What girls do you like best? 你喜欢什么样的姑娘?1 E3 u& t8 n; R' s
说明2:Whom是who的宾格,在书面语中,它作动词宾语或介词宾语,在口语中作宾语时,可用who代替,但在介词后只能用whom, 例如: & G7 z2 W& T; R# \# m Who(m)did you meet on the street? 你在街上遇到了谁?(作动词宾语) # q5 ?. e2 L% \, w. [6 a Who(m) are you taking the book to? 你要把这书带给谁?(作介词宾语,置句首)0 g6 ?* D0 Q1 N, O# p. R. O4 R
To whom did you speak on the campus? 你在校园里和谁讲话了?(作介词宾语,置介词后,不能用who取代。)$ n# U/ Q9 ]% C
说明3: 疑问代词用于对介词宾语提问时,过去的文体中介词和疑问代词通常一起放在句首,现代英语中,疑问代词在句首,介词在句末。例如:9 t( h; i2 {3 s! Q6 u& ^
For what do most people live and work? 大部分人生活和工作的目的是什么?(旧文体)' u/ e9 ]) ]( p3 {
What are you looking for? 你在找什么?(现代英语)1 l$ X6 R! F6 I* c: c
说明4: 疑问代词还可引导名词性从句。例如: $ z0 n% p0 h8 Y! b4 p I can't make out what he is driving at. 我不知道他用意何在。 2 A- S3 I: e% C Can you tell me whose is the blue shirt on the bed? 你能告诉我床上的蓝衬衣是谁的吗?( q4 N+ Y9 [9 w+ g
Much of what you say I agree with, but I cannot go all the way with you.! S: u2 |2 ` p# ~ l5 Q0 [: i5 _4 R
你说的我大部分同意,但并不完全赞同。