1) 疑问代词在句中起名词词组的作用,用来构成疑问句。疑问代词有下列几个:" M& Z4 `" h9 ^
指人: who, whom, whose; h8 j* W) y* D* B" |% j
指物: what
2 Q1 k% _+ p1 W5 ?8 M5 Q/ l" p( D 既可指人又可指物: which
/ j' l# n1 z! C: ]( _. V& ~ 2) 疑问代词在句中应位于谓语动词之前,没有性和数的变化,除who之外也没有格的变化。what, which, whose还可作限定词。试比较:1 Q3 K* ?/ |) i$ m3 ~
疑问代词:Whose are these books on the desk? 桌上的书是谁的?' y* k9 C# `1 y* Z' ~5 Z6 G
What was the directional flow of U. S. territorial expansion? 美国的领土扩张是朝哪个方向的?2 K7 O/ y* ], E& l7 q" y
限定词:Whose books are these on the desk? 桌上的书是谁的?
2 U# R% z/ M9 c# c- L What events led to most of the east of the Mississippi River becoming part of the United States?
# w9 I4 i- d# r* E9 v; a 哪些事件使密西西比河以东的大部分土地归属于美国?! F: K* Z w, @- R' A
说明1:无论是做疑问代词还是限定词,which 和 what 所指的范围不同。what所指的范围是无限的,而which则指在一定的范围内。例如:
/ o" w) _2 N _7 h1 x7 E( T2 S Which girls do you like best? 你喜欢哪几个姑娘?/ M1 ]- a4 q: a7 y$ Y% a, k
What girls do you like best? 你喜欢什么样的姑娘?' \ I; @# n% t' f. ~
说明2:Whom是who的宾格,在书面语中,它作动词宾语或介词宾语,在口语中作宾语时,可用who代替,但在介词后只能用whom, 例如:
2 W. M: m/ [0 M8 T: Q Who(m)did you meet on the street? 你在街上遇到了谁?(作动词宾语)
" U6 m |, H6 Q- n Who(m) are you taking the book to? 你要把这书带给谁?(作介词宾语,置句首)
" N2 J9 M' j, x% q4 d( {9 Y To whom did you speak on the campus? 你在校园里和谁讲话了?(作介词宾语,置介词后,不能用who取代。)8 J1 g. }' J# G: p. S! Q: B
说明3: 疑问代词用于对介词宾语提问时,过去的文体中介词和疑问代词通常一起放在句首,现代英语中,疑问代词在句首,介词在句末。例如: J2 ~' T* ^8 h k# d
For what do most people live and work? 大部分人生活和工作的目的是什么?(旧文体)
7 h7 m8 x* i4 [3 ` What are you looking for? 你在找什么?(现代英语)$ _( B2 d& b$ d# ?. _4 L/ T4 V4 g
说明4: 疑问代词还可引导名词性从句。例如:
?+ \7 O0 Z ]% v* I8 @ I can't make out what he is driving at. 我不知道他用意何在。" e2 |- s. S& g0 x: _$ K
Can you tell me whose is the blue shirt on the bed? 你能告诉我床上的蓝衬衣是谁的吗?
3 \8 H6 ^0 Y; Y, B ? Much of what you say I agree with, but I cannot go all the way with you.# ~7 r8 X& W% I* e
你说的我大部分同意,但并不完全赞同。 |