2011英语四级考试语法讲义：几个本地常见的句式

会计考友

　　有没有写过像下面这样的句子：
% E) y8 \) M6 @$ X' V　　“Due to growth in business, we now have the following career opportunities to offer to the right candidates.”
　　&“Due to expansion, we have a number of vacancies within our Singapore operation and are seeking to recruit technicians.”
" E6 K) U8 ^$ j9 O6 i9 v　　这两个常常可以见到的句子都很好，很清楚。我要谈谈的只是“due to”的位置问题。
　　严格地说，“due to”不管是当“由于”或“应归于”解，都不放在句前，而要出现在句后，最好是在“Be”之后，如：
4 ~* F, V) d1 t5 f. V: M/ J4 S　　① The company's problems are due to bad management and staff shortage.
) c8 G; J: g3 y1 U　　② Some staff came late, due to traffic congestion.
　　如果要“由于”出现在句前也行，但要用“due to”的同义词“owing to, because of, on account of”，甚至“thanks to”。因此，文前的两句话和下面两句都最好改一改：
$ j: \  `* b% ]* d! H6 y" U　　③ Due to their outward appearance, American Chinese are still considered Chinese. （→ Because of）
　　④ Due to the opening up of China's economy, many people have been going there to do business. （→On account of）
2 s- C+ [8 U% [' l5 u1 u　　另一个本地常见的句式是：“The reason is because……”，如：
  Q; m4 a( d  B' e　　⑤ Janet cannot speak Mandarin well. The reason is because she has not learned it properly.
　　根据句子结构，上面这话的主句是“The reason is”，后面的分句应该是名词性的才适合当接系动词“is”的补足语（complement）。因此，最好把原因副词分句“because she has not learned it properly”改为名词分句（noun clause）：
　　The reason is that she has not learned it properly.
/ M% {& O; j5 y! b% g* t8 o" D3 G# R7 f　　不然就要调整句式如下：
　　⑥ Janet cannot speak Mandarin well because she has not learned it properly.
6 A5 A* Z7 \" Q9 |　　⑦ The reason why Janet cannot speak Mandarin well is that she has not learned it properly.
9 y: s5 R# j6 f# ]2 H1 E　　最后一个渐渐见到的句式和从属连词（Subordinating conjunction）“because”有关。
　　习惯上，由“because”引发的原因副词分句（adverb clause of reason）要在主句之后出现，如上述第⑥句；又如：
( w! D! v9 W+ g% v& v1 t　　⑧ The students carried out demonstrations because the government was corrupted.
　　但是用美式英语者偶尔倒过来写：
! G* r# x9 i( R9 R　　“Because the government was corrupted, the students carried out demonstrations.”
　　一般上，这里的“because”可由“as, since, now that”取代，如下：
　　⑨ As the government was corrupted, the students carried out demonstrations.
　　⑩ Since Sam was the best candidate, he got the job.
　　（11） Now that the business has grown, we have the following career opportunities to offer to suitable applicants.