过去分词的句法功能:9 X4 v% {7 ]# c# C, M3 K/ |
1、过去分词作定语:
, l/ \! Y& d. V+ B3 LOur class went on an organized trip last Monday. 上周一我们班开展了一次有组织的旅行。+ V% \0 J0 T0 `, J5 K) L
Those elected as committee members will attend the meeting. 当选为委员的人将出席这次会。9 a7 b: b# p& u. L e, a8 k
注意当过去分词是单词时,一般用于名词前,如果是过去分词短语,就放在名词的后面。过去分词做定语相当于一个被动语态的定语从句。+ E* O$ A! @" E3 Q' `
2、过去分词作表语:! E+ T3 Y! I5 Z7 c
The window is broken. 窗户破了。
6 o& d2 x. f v8 n4 @: L4 JThe were frightened at the sad sight. 他们对眼前悲惨的景象感到很害怕。 @4 g M- s: p, H% s
注意be + 过去分词,如果表示状态是系表结构,如果表示被动的动作是被动语态。区别:
6 ~ C* X, i! DThe window is broken.(系表)
! a0 n+ l/ n' N C" R* [: n. z4 kThe window was broken by the boy.(被动)9 D0 ^" d6 t4 v: W6 t
有些过去分词是不及物动词构成的,不表示被动,只表示完成。如:7 u# l: j2 k$ P. _
boiled water(开水) fallen leaves(落叶)8 }% [8 h3 W2 e1 Z
newly arrived goods(新到的货) the risen sun(升起的太阳)the changed world(变了的世界)( K: v3 W) B3 J9 R+ [) g [$ K" ?
这类过去分词有:gone, come, fallen, risen, changed, arrived, returned, passed等。
. V3 w q& E( x, b8 { f6 G. w3、过去分词作宾语补足语: E0 N4 j7 |3 F6 f
I heard the song sung several times last week. 上周我听见这首歌被唱了好几次。* T* p! O* g4 _3 j+ N
有时过去分词做with短语中的宾语补足语:
, X, b& W; z$ x( Z/ _; PWith the work done, they went out to play. 工作做完了,他们出去玩去了。
0 [5 i% v# R0 i+ x. J4、过去分词作状语:+ F4 \( h. d @( ~/ w# h
Praised by the neighbours, he became the pride of his parents. 受到邻居们的表扬,他成为父母的骄傲。(表示原因)( Z D) D1 }% c
Once seen, it can never be forgotten. 一旦它被看见,人们就忘不了。(表示时间), `, i, i. m+ F+ Z
Given more time, I’ll be able to do it better. 如果给予更多的时间,我能做得更好。(表示条件)1 @* o- P( M' o- I) ]
Though told of the danger, he still risked his life to save the boy. 虽然被告之危险,他仍然冒生命危险去救那个孩子。(表示让步)/ F+ b# L4 c, Q/ P6 x
Filled with hopes and fears, he entered the cave. 心中充满了希望与恐惧,他走进山洞。8 ~# J$ W, d) Q( w
5、过去分词与逻辑主语构成独立主格:
9 ~# p' k6 n ]4 }8 sAll books returned at the end of the term, the library assistant was satisfied. 所有的书期末时都还了,图书管理员很高兴。
8 b, _/ V0 Z6 `+ hThe field ploughed, he began to spread seed. 地耕好了,他开始撒种子。 |