过去分词的句法功能:- }' y4 b. }9 ?; ?8 h7 l
1、过去分词作定语:# Y6 Z$ }2 h! A# B7 ~% p
Our class went on an organized trip last Monday. 上周一我们班开展了一次有组织的旅行。( R' c. @* e; M$ g( [; h
Those elected as committee members will attend the meeting. 当选为委员的人将出席这次会。
7 v6 D6 h' S7 @7 D- u- u5 p注意当过去分词是单词时,一般用于名词前,如果是过去分词短语,就放在名词的后面。过去分词做定语相当于一个被动语态的定语从句。
7 M/ k5 P9 r- S( ^1 [* J T; a* q2、过去分词作表语:0 ~% @0 | b+ e& e9 L e
The window is broken. 窗户破了。
4 S/ W: A0 d0 x+ ?" WThe were frightened at the sad sight. 他们对眼前悲惨的景象感到很害怕。
9 D. [0 |/ y8 p2 t: ^注意be + 过去分词,如果表示状态是系表结构,如果表示被动的动作是被动语态。区别:
$ w1 H1 s# t3 A R- r4 H) rThe window is broken.(系表)
8 K5 Y& E9 J' ^- \9 `% U3 \The window was broken by the boy.(被动)
4 s! v# g1 r. R% l/ h. N$ C- j q# y有些过去分词是不及物动词构成的,不表示被动,只表示完成。如:7 W- S* o$ D. ~, a1 R
boiled water(开水) fallen leaves(落叶)
4 d$ I8 ~$ A) U. U/ ~newly arrived goods(新到的货) the risen sun(升起的太阳)the changed world(变了的世界); I" G# C7 u) M: a" O2 A
这类过去分词有:gone, come, fallen, risen, changed, arrived, returned, passed等。3 T) T8 ` z' ^2 d- i) c0 g
3、过去分词作宾语补足语:: n% n7 a& o4 |1 x. F7 S. M
I heard the song sung several times last week. 上周我听见这首歌被唱了好几次。0 [& w5 f1 J* @
有时过去分词做with短语中的宾语补足语:
0 O9 K3 V/ d7 T4 H7 ^1 sWith the work done, they went out to play. 工作做完了,他们出去玩去了。7 E4 @) h$ s& y
4、过去分词作状语:
5 Z9 f6 V3 b8 P; A+ `. kPraised by the neighbours, he became the pride of his parents. 受到邻居们的表扬,他成为父母的骄傲。(表示原因)
0 _$ ]& \& G& zOnce seen, it can never be forgotten. 一旦它被看见,人们就忘不了。(表示时间)2 B; ~4 K- R: e* W
Given more time, I’ll be able to do it better. 如果给予更多的时间,我能做得更好。(表示条件)1 s; @6 P% W1 }) Z, ]
Though told of the danger, he still risked his life to save the boy. 虽然被告之危险,他仍然冒生命危险去救那个孩子。(表示让步)
0 g% s1 U) j! b; L% ]# S) q3 R2 t4 A9 jFilled with hopes and fears, he entered the cave. 心中充满了希望与恐惧,他走进山洞。& s$ ]8 J u; z! r& E
5、过去分词与逻辑主语构成独立主格:" Z& k% F9 j. U$ W
All books returned at the end of the term, the library assistant was satisfied. 所有的书期末时都还了,图书管理员很高兴。
" N8 E5 O# |7 Z% N' mThe field ploughed, he began to spread seed. 地耕好了,他开始撒种子。 |