非谓语动词与独立主格:短语,句子(或者句子,短语)/ @3 l s8 J n4 O6 ^3 G/ B
1.当短语部分有独立主语,并且该主语不同于句子主语,这时短语结构称为独立主格。(它最明显的特点是短语部分有独立的主语)。
) z% [7 r3 p1 M( z# v M3 P独立主格的结构1:名词(代词)+ 分词 [现在分词、过去分词]4 |$ [' K0 l4 ?
现在分词表示主动的,正在进行的行为;过去分词表示被动的,已经完成的行为。 作题时要通过判断动作与名词(代词)之间的关系来确定是使用现在分词还是过去分词。当动作由名词(代词)发出时使用现在分词,而名词(代词)是受动者时则用过去分词。
1 f1 A2 G; u7 ?+ E. I! j- U54. Silver is the best conductor of electricity, copper _B_ it closely.3 _3 O7 x. e8 @( A4 G* r% y
A followed B following C to follow D being followed
6 G; k1 c1 M) `# B49. All things _A_, the planned trip will have to be called off.5 o# g0 L1 ^- c: d
A considered B be considered C considering D having considered
3 q: c5 R* x6 P h7 x; vcall off 取消; cancel vt. 取消; 四级中的考点就是现在分词和过去分词的区别。
4 |9 Q, I! i' k& [1 t6 q% ^独立主格的结构2:with + 名词(代词)+ 分词 [句子当中作状语]
3 l: O2 S& b% g. D6 L% f1 ?36. After the Arab states won independence, great emphasis was laid on expanding education, with girls as well as boys _C_ to go to school.9 f8 R" J: P9 [. o
A to be encouraged B been encouraged C being encouraged D be encouraged
9 O- q7 X1 @* Y) V" c7 ]as well as 和(相当于and); be encouraged不会考。
9 f8 Z; \( l$ T' P1 C/ B动词不定式有预示将来行为的含义。to be encouraged 将要被鼓励;5 @2 M2 S. Y$ m) N' n5 R
been encouraged 已经被鼓励完了,与主句的谓语动词相对;being encouraged 正在被鼓励 |