2012年6月大学英语四级语法精讲(5)
% ~! l4 w: |: \' D$ t1 R短语部分没有独立主语,则短语结构称为非谓语动词。
+ l7 c) I' l5 i' V! e$ F ^ 非谓语动词的结构:分词(分词短语)
( P/ F6 i- n; U4 G, t 句子的主语决定非谓语动词中的分词是用主动还是被动形式。如果是句子的主语发出动作,则使用现在分词;如果动作不是由句子的主语发出,则使用过去分词。+ \4 o% g$ g% P
1.No matter how frequently _A_, the works of Beethoven always attract large audiences.* S) X2 }! o2 P* z; x3 U6 M& ?
A performed B performing C to be performed D being performed
4 [% l& K% o, |8 m' i. R# q" c- H perform vt. 表演,演出,演奏;/ x+ o( r' S) p0 ^1 O( p1 W
to be performed 将要被演奏; being performed 正在被演奏;9 t0 ^3 r8 e5 L5 n
一些特殊的动词:6 @) H2 Q* T! w, Z
第一点:forget 忘记; [反义] remember 记得;% t# Y( I. e3 Y! G0 U
这两个词后加动词不定式表示将要进行的行为;这两个词后加动词ing形式表示已经做过的事情。
\/ m+ d& K& O6 t 注意:动名词与现在分词形式一样,但含义不同。这两个词后加动词ing形式都是动名词。* L. S+ ? G9 G% i2 |' M' A
forget to do sth. 忘记要去做某事; forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事;
l, c* S! _; p4 O remember to do sth. 记得要去做某事; remember doing sth. 记得做过某事;: a3 k) A8 }# y
2. I remember _B_ to help us if we ever got into trouble.
- S" n0 S* n' u3 Z A once offering B him once offering C him to offer D to offer him
4 W5 i P3 i2 v* f offer vt. 提出,提供; offer sb. sth. / offer to do sth.' ~% F- G C: e- R
him once offering 如果改成 his once offering 也正确。
) g% g) k0 c/ W* t动名词的复合结构:凡是一个动词的后面可以加动名词,就可以加动名词的复合结构。 % m. X2 P5 I- n7 v* W5 w7 Z
动作发出者 + 动名词;当动作发出者名字给出时:名词所有格 + 动名词;当动名词的复合结构在文章中出现,且动作发出者在前文中提过时:形容词物主代词(宾格)+ 动名词。 ( S. x( c3 Z5 z; {
形容词物主代词:his, her, my, your, their, our。代词宾格:him, her, me, you, us, them。 $ q+ J2 g/ t: g; b/ ?
第二点:want 想要; want to do sth. 想做某事; want doing 客观需要或缺乏。 5 r6 h! r+ S) r4 G$ f
例. Your hair wants _B_. You’d better have it done tomorrow.
+ w$ p. l. d, t7 s5 z, i A cut B cutting C to cut D being cut
5 F5 Z( }0 `! a4 h* f( u 1. The children went there to watch the iron tower _D_. 9 \. d1 E" I( ]1 m1 c9 R. R
A to erect B be erected C erecting D being erected
1 |! B }' U, o) f6 Q% U watch 看电视用,看比赛用; see 看电影用; / S% ~' C8 |& @: \/ [
感官动词watch, see, hear; 感官动词 + 名词(代词)+ do
+ a# w" f8 t9 I1 D$ o( o ? be erected 强调的是动作的结果; being erected 强调的是动作的过程。
* X. R0 O: x$ ^' y1 r# a( t 2. The engine _D_ smoke and steam. + p# k0 o/ P9 A* ]! x4 S: W( F
A gives up B gives in C gives away D gives off 0 L4 v% ?, j5 C' A2 ^( b3 y
give up 放弃; give in 屈服,让步; give off 释放,放出(烟和气体); / F t6 ~! I8 T
give away 泄露,走漏风声;婚礼中新郎的父亲把新娘的手交给新郎的过程;赠送礼品。 ) G9 l. Z4 Y: T) U
3. The manager promised to keep me _C_ of how our business was going on.
' N& T' Q( ?! N A to be informed B on informing C informed D informing 7 n, ~7 ?' Z8 }" T6 z4 p
keep sb. + 分词; inform v. 通知,告知; inform sb. of sth. 通知某人某件事情
5 ? A: x0 B& Y$ b5 V* J* H: X keep me informed 使我被告知。 $ V! ?5 }) P6 Z( [
4. The goals _B_ he had fought all his life no longer seemed important to him. 1 |) p/ P3 Z2 }+ ]
A after which B for which C with which D at which 中华考试网(www.Examw。com)
% ~) b& d, S( U) X+ b fight with sb. (注意要看整个句子); fight with + 工具 用该工具来打仗。 fight for 为…而战。
/ e0 Y8 E. S; Z$ l5 i9 F- U I fight with him. 我和他打起来了。 I fight with him against her. 我和他并肩对付她。
% v7 |+ S5 T7 N A" j$ Z 5. They _C_ in spite of the extremely difficult conditions. & h6 e& e6 u6 z+ V# {/ D5 r
A carried out B carried off C carried on D carried forward 9 G7 U4 s$ ?$ i$ F
in spite of 尽管; carry on 坚持,继续。
& e% }8 D! i9 L1 T& U 注意:want doing 中doing表示的是被动含义。 $ C7 @6 N6 G& S# y/ D) @" [
例. This room is so dirty that it wants _A_.
7 k, ?3 f3 Q. d8 S A cleaning B to clean C being cleaned D cleaned
1 L' t" l+ f* `' L 第三点:mean 意味; mean to do sth. 打算做某事,意欲… ;mean doing 意味着,…的意思是…
+ H. v- G' Y5 J1 _ c4 _5 W: T 例. There’s a man at the reception desk who seems very angry and I think he means _B_ trouble. [reception desk 接待台]
, q$ U* x* J7 d9 `& R! b6 V A making B to make C to have made D having made |