2012年6月大学英语四级语法精讲（5）

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2012年6月大学英语四级语法精讲（5）
% {" w  ]9 S+ v4 k短语部分没有独立主语，则短语结构称为非谓语动词。
' ]* [: A# Z( k- V+ C7 _' C. a, g, j" ^　　非谓语动词的结构：分词(分词短语)
　　句子的主语决定非谓语动词中的分词是用主动还是被动形式。如果是句子的主语发出动作，则使用现在分词;如果动作不是由句子的主语发出，则使用过去分词。
2 e3 v% a3 {) R　　1.No matter how frequently _A_， the works of Beethoven always attract large audiences.
" p$ q" a2 [$ ]( v1 |% Y8 i　　A performed B performing C to be performed D being performed
　　perform vt. 表演，演出，演奏;
  q/ h2 J- J- H$ Q/ t　　to be performed 将要被演奏; being performed 正在被演奏;
　　一些特殊的动词：
　　第一点：forget 忘记; [反义] remember 记得;
  v5 @+ x+ V; @5 W# _  b　　这两个词后加动词不定式表示将要进行的行为;这两个词后加动词ing形式表示已经做过的事情。
　　注意：动名词与现在分词形式一样，但含义不同。这两个词后加动词ing形式都是动名词。
  X7 }- k, E8 S/ R6 a$ s　　forget to do sth. 忘记要去做某事; forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事;
　　remember to do sth. 记得要去做某事; remember doing sth. 记得做过某事;
　　2. I remember _B_ to help us if we ever got into trouble.
　　A once offering B him once offering C him to offer D to offer him
　　offer vt. 提出，提供; offer sb. sth. / offer to do sth.
　　him once offering 如果改成 his once offering 也正确。
动名词的复合结构：凡是一个动词的后面可以加动名词，就可以加动名词的复合结构。  
3 o6 l2 c9 L& S2 n: `& k　　动作发出者 + 动名词;当动作发出者名字给出时：名词所有格 + 动名词;当动名词的复合结构在文章中出现，且动作发出者在前文中提过时：形容词物主代词(宾格)+ 动名词。
8 Z* H3 ]; Q; e# E' d　　形容词物主代词：his， her， my， your， their， our。代词宾格：him， her， me， you， us， them。
　　第二点：want 想要; want to do sth. 想做某事; want doing 客观需要或缺乏。
+ S" d! m$ a1 {7 m6 ]! d  W　　例. Your hair wants _B_. You’d better have it done tomorrow.
7 ~1 M$ {; @, [: z　　A cut B cutting C to cut D being cut
       1. The children went there to watch the iron tower _D_.  
1 S! C0 a1 w$ d1 M　　A to erect B be erected C erecting D being erected
, F& x+ b9 S2 A　　watch 看电视用，看比赛用; see 看电影用;
, x0 p  s. @6 }+ c　　感官动词watch， see， hear; 感官动词 + 名词(代词)+ do
2 s+ r+ S1 c/ U0 x　　be erected 强调的是动作的结果; being erected 强调的是动作的过程。
& {4 y. U; p/ ]　　2. The engine _D_ smoke and steam.
$ I% r% i5 ?& X" v" B, c7 P, ^　　A gives up B gives in C gives away D gives off
　　give up 放弃; give in 屈服，让步; give off 释放，放出(烟和气体);
; l/ T% t8 F. H9 s! l: y! o- r　　give away 泄露，走漏风声;婚礼中新郎的父亲把新娘的手交给新郎的过程;赠送礼品。
6 }, ~1 @) U0 V' v& d  B3 l2 O5 X4 t　　3. The manager promised to keep me _C_ of how our business was going on.
% ^. T" S$ c1 g4 Z' j! l　　A to be informed B on informing C informed D informing
" y" u8 E$ l& ?1 p; F　　keep sb. + 分词; inform v. 通知，告知; inform sb. of sth. 通知某人某件事情
' O: \9 n% R8 ^% j$ O　　keep me informed 使我被告知。
( N, c7 h) N1 C# p0 {　　4. The goals _B_ he had fought all his life no longer seemed important to him.
, i, }5 ], m8 l) q9 s　　A after which B for which C with which D at which 中华考试网(www．Examw。com)
( J* Z9 W; Y8 H' m　　fight with sb. (注意要看整个句子); fight with + 工具 用该工具来打仗。 fight for 为…而战。
　　I fight with him. 我和他打起来了。 I fight with him against her. 我和他并肩对付她。
       5. They _C_ in spite of the extremely difficult conditions.
9 F' D6 g% _4 n8 e( [- l1 R- m　　A carried out B carried off C carried on D carried forward
　　in spite of 尽管; carry on 坚持，继续。
. v1 W) H3 K! s1 }3 U. k　　注意：want doing 中doing表示的是被动含义。
/ c$ ~: y! R  l- l0 M9 n　　例. This room is so dirty that it wants _A_.
% I0 T! |  d) d; P# `1 f! ~/ }　　A cleaning B to clean C being cleaned D cleaned
7 f' e/ `; w, h$ T8 ~4 @4 w3 t　　第三点：mean 意味; mean to do sth. 打算做某事，意欲… ;mean doing 意味着，…的意思是…
　　例. There’s a man at the reception desk who seems very angry and I think he means _B_ trouble. [reception desk 接待台]
　　A making B to make C to have made D having made