2012年6月大学英语四级语法精讲(5)/ p" J. W+ X# J
短语部分没有独立主语,则短语结构称为非谓语动词。 * w/ h7 o$ A) x/ N
非谓语动词的结构:分词(分词短语)' Z9 e( a/ [* n% e: S1 O
句子的主语决定非谓语动词中的分词是用主动还是被动形式。如果是句子的主语发出动作,则使用现在分词;如果动作不是由句子的主语发出,则使用过去分词。# `0 t4 B" y. y7 Q7 q! Y
1.No matter how frequently _A_, the works of Beethoven always attract large audiences.0 N7 f M6 S- E. n% J5 [8 W6 u* l
A performed B performing C to be performed D being performed
" g1 o7 b9 T- b: M; k+ X, p perform vt. 表演,演出,演奏;( L' `8 l8 n- y6 r& I7 e: }
to be performed 将要被演奏; being performed 正在被演奏;
3 k! p; W! F6 Z. @$ j 一些特殊的动词:
& S' ?' l' l" A 第一点:forget 忘记; [反义] remember 记得;& [0 P* n5 | k( R6 W
这两个词后加动词不定式表示将要进行的行为;这两个词后加动词ing形式表示已经做过的事情。
% c( A' u' M" F2 x5 ^/ c 注意:动名词与现在分词形式一样,但含义不同。这两个词后加动词ing形式都是动名词。
$ |0 f$ @4 w5 B7 Y" } forget to do sth. 忘记要去做某事; forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事;
' R6 {+ O( p) H' d: n" \ remember to do sth. 记得要去做某事; remember doing sth. 记得做过某事;: m! O$ N/ e: `+ Z
2. I remember _B_ to help us if we ever got into trouble.
, u% y* k, ~0 i A once offering B him once offering C him to offer D to offer him
0 a& B& m3 ~" Q" C8 ?: V9 D4 _ R offer vt. 提出,提供; offer sb. sth. / offer to do sth.
1 ^6 ?! J, G4 h9 ~- C0 q1 N8 G! s him once offering 如果改成 his once offering 也正确。
/ Q; i: E! D" R p% E+ \# }. c动名词的复合结构:凡是一个动词的后面可以加动名词,就可以加动名词的复合结构。 $ d+ L) F/ |0 H$ v7 G- Z' O
动作发出者 + 动名词;当动作发出者名字给出时:名词所有格 + 动名词;当动名词的复合结构在文章中出现,且动作发出者在前文中提过时:形容词物主代词(宾格)+ 动名词。 6 B6 e2 J! Q* z0 Q2 Y
形容词物主代词:his, her, my, your, their, our。代词宾格:him, her, me, you, us, them。
" h1 d5 a. ]4 N$ X X7 z" a. } 第二点:want 想要; want to do sth. 想做某事; want doing 客观需要或缺乏。
' K! Z( ~5 D" F- x6 b 例. Your hair wants _B_. You’d better have it done tomorrow.
/ _. ~- M& z9 }7 ~1 y6 A3 h A cut B cutting C to cut D being cut ( o* o2 H# O; f* h5 J. C! w
1. The children went there to watch the iron tower _D_. + D4 V6 @0 V/ P7 a' W) B1 d
A to erect B be erected C erecting D being erected , H/ _/ y e9 g. C3 C
watch 看电视用,看比赛用; see 看电影用; $ ~2 F" i2 L5 c7 U
感官动词watch, see, hear; 感官动词 + 名词(代词)+ do ' _! S' y$ y8 f! s% V: Z P
be erected 强调的是动作的结果; being erected 强调的是动作的过程。 1 y) r; T. K6 X# n4 W
2. The engine _D_ smoke and steam. * G( e/ }: O9 a( B$ r8 J
A gives up B gives in C gives away D gives off
/ }8 |4 q5 E6 X, G" [: u$ o give up 放弃; give in 屈服,让步; give off 释放,放出(烟和气体); . R7 a% P4 S8 A
give away 泄露,走漏风声;婚礼中新郎的父亲把新娘的手交给新郎的过程;赠送礼品。 / v. r7 Q- N' w
3. The manager promised to keep me _C_ of how our business was going on.
$ J+ }% P- n H, n, Y* ? A to be informed B on informing C informed D informing
3 `" v: A$ ~& p4 i3 Q, X keep sb. + 分词; inform v. 通知,告知; inform sb. of sth. 通知某人某件事情 # R7 ^& t+ @7 j
keep me informed 使我被告知。 & G, q( X) V/ z6 G9 ^
4. The goals _B_ he had fought all his life no longer seemed important to him.
2 w. Y. O+ r5 ~: g2 N A after which B for which C with which D at which 中华考试网(www.Examw。com)
; ~4 @. u% X: O. a8 r fight with sb. (注意要看整个句子); fight with + 工具 用该工具来打仗。 fight for 为…而战。 # d U. C. n1 w$ q; H
I fight with him. 我和他打起来了。 I fight with him against her. 我和他并肩对付她。- E Z4 @2 f6 u C* v0 F) ]
5. They _C_ in spite of the extremely difficult conditions.
) X) E2 q: |/ V; Q8 `- Z! _& j A carried out B carried off C carried on D carried forward 8 {' J1 ]; X/ K
in spite of 尽管; carry on 坚持,继续。
' R$ h0 J% t5 u- d* m J 注意:want doing 中doing表示的是被动含义。 & l5 e$ ^( E: V- g4 U3 ]
例. This room is so dirty that it wants _A_.
9 Q* P9 B0 @6 C3 i A cleaning B to clean C being cleaned D cleaned
9 W) B3 a) L, R3 j 第三点:mean 意味; mean to do sth. 打算做某事,意欲… ;mean doing 意味着,…的意思是… $ d6 Q0 t9 h0 t; p
例. There’s a man at the reception desk who seems very angry and I think he means _B_ trouble. [reception desk 接待台]
+ k: u, f" @* h" k8 N7 Q A making B to make C to have made D having made |