2012年6月大学英语四级语法精讲(1)
- A# D2 `1 T- ^! E" w非谓语动词与独立主格:短语,句子(或者句子,短语)
1 R; C5 ?# z( E 当短语部分有独立主语,并且该主语不同于句子主语,这时短语结构称为独立主格。(它最明显的特点是短语部分有独立的主语)。: F5 B, t0 L; t+ \
独立主格的结构1:名词(代词)+ 分词 [现在分词、过去分词]& u. u# T/ P6 g4 I
现在分词表示主动的,正在进行的行为;过去分词表示被动的,已经完成的行为。 作题时要通过判断动作与名词(代词)之间的关系来确定是使用现在分词还是过去分词。当动作由名词(代词)发出时使用现在分词,而名词(代词)是受动者时则用过去分词。# l3 z4 J5 k+ j2 _7 g
1. Silver is the best conductor of electricity, copper _B_ it closely.
4 n. n- Y* V; W; ? A followed B following C to follow D being followed" T$ ]1 g9 `8 ?
2. All things _A_, the planned trip will have to be called off.% X! S4 z8 o8 j9 M
A considered B be considered C considering D having considered7 V, a* j, P: }& s/ O: A! b. v; N
call off 取消; cancel vt. 取消; 四级中的考点就是现在分词和过去分词的区别。
9 f, i. o! y0 x0 O 独立主格的结构2:with + 名词(代词)+ 分词 [句子当中作状语]. y7 a# h/ |7 @' V8 A8 \+ M. Y, E
3. After the Arab states won independence, great emphasis was laid on expanding education, with girls as well as boys _C_ to go to school.
) ^' z L! p4 [6 m9 a8 d5 Z8 {) f A to be encouraged B been encouraged C being encouraged D be encouraged8 ~% W2 M$ H. P) ]1 K; ?2 x$ K8 ?
as well as 和(相当于and); be encouraged不会考。, J2 L/ K& @; a+ S
动词不定式有预示将来行为的含义。to be encouraged 将要被鼓励;
) U9 v+ y8 {6 j: ^% o) L# c been encouraged 已经被鼓励完了,与主句的谓语动词相对;being encouraged 正在被鼓励
7 x- J9 v( M" { @% k4 q" p4 l! }短语部分没有独立主语,则短语结构称为非谓语动词。 * W& x f- P) |" q% } _
非谓语动词的结构:分词(分词短语). i5 Y" f) F4 V& k' m/ e) i2 l6 v, j& ?
句子的主语决定非谓语动词中的分词是用主动还是被动形式。如果是句子的主语发出动作,则使用现在分词;如果动作不是由句子的主语发出,则使用过去分词。
5 M2 A: k: {0 q/ G 1.No matter how frequently _A_, the works of Beethoven always attract large audiences.
! e5 K8 v$ o% O, P; f A performed B performing C to be performed D being performed
- T; D" E) Z0 t4 S% ~5 I, {5 \3 I* ~ perform vt. 表演,演出,演奏;+ x8 x: C3 J# V: C& _
to be performed 将要被演奏; being performed 正在被演奏;中华考试网(www.Examw。com)9 Z. \/ K$ J e
一些特殊的动词:
$ [2 L4 w- O% {6 i2 L F 第一点:forget 忘记; [反义] remember 记得;
" Y) r; \$ V8 a# w: L q 这两个词后加动词不定式表示将要进行的行为;这两个词后加动词ing形式表示已经做过的事情。0 b; B$ w4 F" b" _3 O8 |
注意:动名词与现在分词形式一样,但含义不同。这两个词后加动词ing形式都是动名词。5 l2 Z$ T' a1 `; v
forget to do sth. 忘记要去做某事; forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事;
" {' }% L, N. ~( z remember to do sth. 记得要去做某事; remember doing sth. 记得做过某事;4 O, F7 b; f/ c7 Y, H, |
2. I remember _B_ to help us if we ever got into trouble.5 q q7 w4 ^2 f0 a5 C! T& e3 ~
A once offering B him once offering C him to offer D to offer him
' @2 R# V% F4 } offer vt. 提出,提供; offer sb. sth. / offer to do sth.* k4 c0 s6 S" n, f
him once offering 如果改成 his once offering 也正确。 |