2012年6月大学英语四级语法精讲(1)9 ?- d+ r) }! J, f$ M/ |
非谓语动词与独立主格:短语,句子(或者句子,短语)
8 W# T: n: b' Y: @# u 当短语部分有独立主语,并且该主语不同于句子主语,这时短语结构称为独立主格。(它最明显的特点是短语部分有独立的主语)。
# @! c# E0 E7 m/ B) X% v 独立主格的结构1:名词(代词)+ 分词 [现在分词、过去分词], O! b- T8 L: q$ {
现在分词表示主动的,正在进行的行为;过去分词表示被动的,已经完成的行为。 作题时要通过判断动作与名词(代词)之间的关系来确定是使用现在分词还是过去分词。当动作由名词(代词)发出时使用现在分词,而名词(代词)是受动者时则用过去分词。
8 Y! q& R7 k1 h$ X; G! @ ~ 1. Silver is the best conductor of electricity, copper _B_ it closely.# e. U3 {/ R% o8 M1 h6 W
A followed B following C to follow D being followed
& S$ d P# K+ f 2. All things _A_, the planned trip will have to be called off.# U" T/ N+ V; e3 a9 q, X% J
A considered B be considered C considering D having considered2 M1 k1 @* [3 Y ^$ Q
call off 取消; cancel vt. 取消; 四级中的考点就是现在分词和过去分词的区别。
, B, L# @4 V4 z2 U% |. v 独立主格的结构2:with + 名词(代词)+ 分词 [句子当中作状语]' g4 @# U; h8 a+ [2 J9 E3 I
3. After the Arab states won independence, great emphasis was laid on expanding education, with girls as well as boys _C_ to go to school.
& D8 w/ @1 }; v$ F: ]; D5 B A to be encouraged B been encouraged C being encouraged D be encouraged& U- j" q/ q/ I6 X
as well as 和(相当于and); be encouraged不会考。. C, b/ T3 L1 R# Z& E( _! ]
动词不定式有预示将来行为的含义。to be encouraged 将要被鼓励;: \ h8 k0 Y9 i7 L4 I7 D& J
been encouraged 已经被鼓励完了,与主句的谓语动词相对;being encouraged 正在被鼓励 + B9 T. o+ T( p. X L! V
短语部分没有独立主语,则短语结构称为非谓语动词。
" Y/ s: C5 D B# ^$ `& J- ~5 D" E, { 非谓语动词的结构:分词(分词短语)
7 }% Z; X9 x( ?; O E 句子的主语决定非谓语动词中的分词是用主动还是被动形式。如果是句子的主语发出动作,则使用现在分词;如果动作不是由句子的主语发出,则使用过去分词。3 \# F( |( [0 S" p7 i
1.No matter how frequently _A_, the works of Beethoven always attract large audiences.
# x6 y- n' v4 l: |+ K- E9 X1 e A performed B performing C to be performed D being performed4 @3 I) D- M4 `. o
perform vt. 表演,演出,演奏;
* s _) V6 G+ } l c to be performed 将要被演奏; being performed 正在被演奏;中华考试网(www.Examw。com); m/ f3 Z L( P
一些特殊的动词:
+ H o' t6 s: k6 f& A% K 第一点:forget 忘记; [反义] remember 记得;) Q7 z% _ k3 z, H
这两个词后加动词不定式表示将要进行的行为;这两个词后加动词ing形式表示已经做过的事情。# N: Z+ z, N1 k' Y
注意:动名词与现在分词形式一样,但含义不同。这两个词后加动词ing形式都是动名词。
* `; o$ M; J5 K) O! p p& B9 B forget to do sth. 忘记要去做某事; forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事;
9 @: L" K, O! q3 V9 C remember to do sth. 记得要去做某事; remember doing sth. 记得做过某事;8 X& |$ _: N+ k+ h* h( T
2. I remember _B_ to help us if we ever got into trouble.
$ d4 r \1 d: r/ i4 Q A once offering B him once offering C him to offer D to offer him
! N- g: J* T5 A# H& k) D* Z offer vt. 提出,提供; offer sb. sth. / offer to do sth.0 d# m9 ]. e5 ^( [9 E7 Y
him once offering 如果改成 his once offering 也正确。 |