2012年12月大学英语四级语法:表语从句
# A; A5 o9 n2 F 表语从句构成方式:
+ x: s" p6 V9 l5 r4 P: a9 F/ F 若从句为陈述句,直接加that; + H8 U x9 o7 _! B. l
若从句为特殊疑问句:直接保留特殊疑问词,后面的句子变成陈述句语序;
- y Z- a& R4 \- h: j- [ 若从句为一般疑问句:先把一般疑问句变成陈述句语序,然后在其前加上weather或者if;
! j3 l* |: Y$ A( i4 F8 `' W. K eg:China is no longer what she used to be. 0 K5 a3 y+ f: C2 d
The question is who is responsible for what has happened.
# O ]' V+ \: d8 w, L7 `3 C" P" B 一、表语从句的引导词 # r! }$ F, `3 ` p G* U$ `+ }8 B- n
引导表语从句的词有连词that, whether,连接代词和连接副词,关系代词型what,以及as if, as though, because等连词。
! Q$ N) n, V- ?. u( \$ @" @ 1. 由that引导 3 t2 ]( v5 j/ ]8 j; c
The fact is that he doesn’t really try. 事实是他没有做真正的努力。
$ X6 v( n) b* _- x+ R) A( Z2 k2 U The trouble is that I have lost his address. 麻烦的是我把他的地址丢了。 ( M6 a1 Y) ?. s3 D( U* a0 f4 J
My suggestion is that we should tell him. 我的建议是我们应该告诉他。
! N+ c G% F9 y4 u3 q, X His sole requirement was (is) that the system work. 他唯一的要求是这个制度能起作用。
" N# L" ]5 @; V6 Z& `" d" n My idea is that we should start making preparations right now. 我的意见是我们马上就开始做准备工作。 Z$ L+ N- q0 v0 _8 m, V
2. 由whether引导 5 d' q& x B) k% O9 K. d0 u
The question is whether the film is worth seeing. 问题是这部电影是否值得看。 ( [5 p5 H: V. u1 N6 P3 x
【注意】whether 可引导表语从句,但与之同义的if却通常不用于引导表语从句。 5 d& x2 D& ^6 q: l- x3 P! l! Y
3. 由连接代词引导 * W" L1 f2 F' O( m
You are not who I thought you were. 你已不是我过去所想像的人。
# s- [. p8 \* u; S- v7 L& V The problem is who we can get to replace her. 问题是我们能找到谁去替换她呢。
# T% A z% T0 Z4 ?! G* ?( u& `$ k The question is who (m) we should trust. 问题是我们应当相信谁。
7 \8 ]& T' E' z# K% r; @ What I want to know is which road we should take. 我想知道的是我们应走哪条路。 % K: b4 J' H5 v, A* r
4. 由连接副词引导 ) o3 `3 v' k' Z Z. }) J
The problem is how we can find him. 问题是我们如何找到他。 8 I$ g- `: Z/ |
That was when I was fifteen. 这是我15岁时发生的事。 & M4 i! k R' l" K9 I- a
That’s where I first met her. 那就是我第一次遇见她的地方。
& W& [; P7 l+ c* G# L, b That’s why he didn’t come. 这就是他没有来的缘故。
6 C0 A9 v# v$ q# v That’s why I object to the plan. 这就是我反对这个计划的原因。
- H/ A; k, ~3 W2 @! w. Q That’s where you are wrong. 这就是你不对的地方。 3 V, k; {( n: f
5. 由关系代词型what引导
. h6 Y+ Z8 M. z* F That’s what I want to stress. 这是我想强调的。 ( Q( \ ?) ]: R/ U6 U4 A
That’s what we are here for. 我们来这里就为了这个。
' ]) W6 Y# A# ?! Y7 O% w Fame and personal gain is what they’re after. 他们追求的是名利。 9 R. | Y% _. K( M7 M& p5 r$ b
He is no longer what he was. 他已经不是以前的他了。 ; P a& Y8 }( k# _2 k- f' t: ~6 X" x
6. 由as if / as though引导 来自www.Examw.com
. b0 v& D% E% q' K/ z& S' C1 J2 G It isn’t as if you were going away for ever. 又不是你离开不回来了。 ' v# a3 @# q$ A4 j+ z/ t
Now it was as though she had known Millie for years. 现在好像她认识米莉已有好多年了似的。 - F: N1 R" S5 t7 H
It is not as though we were poor. 又不是我们家里穷。 1 O% n5 ?1 z. x V
7. 由because引导 7 n4 P$ d9 f9 M0 y; }# O3 n
It is because I love you too much. 那是因为我太爱你了。 2 I: ]+ Z' e1 }% b) Q+ H. N* q( x
That’s because you can’t appreciate music. 这是因为你不能欣赏音乐。
5 z6 a2 j8 [7 J8 t If I’m a bit sleepy, it’s because I was upall night. 如果我有点困,是因为一夜没睡。 4 ~6 [# j, |& a# j' w9 X
It’s because I passed a slip of paper for John to Helen in class. 这是因为我在上课中替约翰传纸条给海伦。
3 s) S( l, B! W4 h5 U' Y 【注意】because 可引导表语从句,但与之同义的since, as, for等也不用于引导表语从句。
* i3 C2 M0 k9 w7 Q 二、连词that的省略问题 . X# z- P0 `6 S# f; n8 z7 [9 e8 M$ {
引导表语从句的that通常不省略,但在口语或非正式文体中有时也可省略:
, k. z5 n% F" D( O' o$ j8 S My idea is (that) we should do it right away. 我的意见是我们应该马上干。
2 f$ N0 A. D2 x4 a7 q" t% J The trouble is (that) he is ill. 糟糕的是他病了。 |