2012年12月大学英语四级语法:表语从句
3 m( Z% Z' a' w- | q8 ~1 z 表语从句构成方式:
# d I" h% E' F/ ^, T) f+ A 若从句为陈述句,直接加that; & @, G6 Q9 \$ J
若从句为特殊疑问句:直接保留特殊疑问词,后面的句子变成陈述句语序;
' b/ u: E3 g D8 q& g" c7 g4 `! } 若从句为一般疑问句:先把一般疑问句变成陈述句语序,然后在其前加上weather或者if;
5 J8 z5 n2 {! Z% z: Y+ z# Z eg:China is no longer what she used to be.
; u; m1 w! l9 @* G, [' p The question is who is responsible for what has happened.
3 C: u* v9 N; h% H; |* g1 S9 W4 t 一、表语从句的引导词
! C, p: j0 E. u% _6 k- Y$ ~: t 引导表语从句的词有连词that, whether,连接代词和连接副词,关系代词型what,以及as if, as though, because等连词。
4 i. o, r( R0 ] 1. 由that引导 8 l, `" Z' p) {+ k- N
The fact is that he doesn’t really try. 事实是他没有做真正的努力。 ) E1 S# W8 k% B' V/ i1 d
The trouble is that I have lost his address. 麻烦的是我把他的地址丢了。
% Z! }; I0 w' T My suggestion is that we should tell him. 我的建议是我们应该告诉他。
1 b( ^ t: R: G$ A His sole requirement was (is) that the system work. 他唯一的要求是这个制度能起作用。 / P" E9 I" X4 S% P
My idea is that we should start making preparations right now. 我的意见是我们马上就开始做准备工作。 # Q9 Y5 }) A6 b3 u
2. 由whether引导 2 @1 w, Y" N5 J: d) a
The question is whether the film is worth seeing. 问题是这部电影是否值得看。
# T6 v: k' x* B3 x- r. f 【注意】whether 可引导表语从句,但与之同义的if却通常不用于引导表语从句。
( V1 u! `; e% c* t/ z4 J- H" l 3. 由连接代词引导
" k. n0 }, q% H [ You are not who I thought you were. 你已不是我过去所想像的人。 , e M; m3 Y4 ^1 F
The problem is who we can get to replace her. 问题是我们能找到谁去替换她呢。
7 m+ b* G2 L* J4 [! z The question is who (m) we should trust. 问题是我们应当相信谁。
4 P( H* X( {5 _7 L- I& Y What I want to know is which road we should take. 我想知道的是我们应走哪条路。
9 t9 {7 W/ y; q 4. 由连接副词引导
" V: p8 V6 X! I" s$ x% q The problem is how we can find him. 问题是我们如何找到他。 + y& `% l$ S: E
That was when I was fifteen. 这是我15岁时发生的事。
) [# D: Z; ~6 z$ \% K That’s where I first met her. 那就是我第一次遇见她的地方。 ) \7 u F$ [# G1 M! ]+ b4 k @
That’s why he didn’t come. 这就是他没有来的缘故。
+ I' a- o, h: ~ |( s That’s why I object to the plan. 这就是我反对这个计划的原因。 ' d. W; X) F; x: n& `( q
That’s where you are wrong. 这就是你不对的地方。 ) O: [/ d* u& d6 a( P- q+ A
5. 由关系代词型what引导
7 d% U6 b _$ D9 A6 i: d That’s what I want to stress. 这是我想强调的。 3 [8 n& n. H9 O$ R {
That’s what we are here for. 我们来这里就为了这个。 8 H' f% i! r: c. `# b9 x
Fame and personal gain is what they’re after. 他们追求的是名利。
* F$ {7 m2 R: i9 `4 u, ]: L He is no longer what he was. 他已经不是以前的他了。
- G# S* v+ @, j( v 6. 由as if / as though引导 来自www.Examw.com
( y! c% n$ Z1 T9 s* ^/ F It isn’t as if you were going away for ever. 又不是你离开不回来了。 b( ]* k1 r& i7 c ]- N1 g o3 [4 w
Now it was as though she had known Millie for years. 现在好像她认识米莉已有好多年了似的。 2 d& L% H r! O# r) u4 F
It is not as though we were poor. 又不是我们家里穷。
2 u* J# Q9 Y- \3 t4 Q 7. 由because引导 + B# F2 P' |- v- I, X# W
It is because I love you too much. 那是因为我太爱你了。
' J4 |4 Z! c& ^& S8 P That’s because you can’t appreciate music. 这是因为你不能欣赏音乐。 * b4 h) \- G# V1 E3 F
If I’m a bit sleepy, it’s because I was upall night. 如果我有点困,是因为一夜没睡。 5 Z- f2 Z! B1 n: n" T; u/ t
It’s because I passed a slip of paper for John to Helen in class. 这是因为我在上课中替约翰传纸条给海伦。
! y6 h" i, L* M9 q: {) ~' z 【注意】because 可引导表语从句,但与之同义的since, as, for等也不用于引导表语从句。 - `! u9 @ @3 J' q; p, u
二、连词that的省略问题 : g1 S3 M1 B0 O+ M) @3 ?
引导表语从句的that通常不省略,但在口语或非正式文体中有时也可省略: 2 C9 E+ n) C2 R0 t4 J4 I
My idea is (that) we should do it right away. 我的意见是我们应该马上干。
. H s% M% c2 M% B The trouble is (that) he is ill. 糟糕的是他病了。 |