【2011年英语四级阅读理解模拟题及解析d】
$ _+ h7 _7 y7 u$ T4 C! g3 nThe typical pre-industrial family not only had a good many children, but numerous other dependents as well---grandparents, uncles, aunts and cousions. Such “extended” families were suited for survival in slow paced __1__ societies. But such families are hard to __2__. They are immobile.Industrialism demanded masses of workers ready and able to move off the land in pursuit of jobs, and to move again whenever necessary. Thus the extended family __3__ shed its excess weight and the so-called “nuclear” family emerged---a stripped-down, portable family unit __4__ only of parents and a small set of children. This new style family, far more __5__ than the traditional extended family, became the standard model in all the industrial counties. Super-industrialism, however, the next stage of eco-technological development, __6__ even higher mobility. Thus we may expect many among the people of the future to carry the streamlinling process, a stePfurther by remaining children, cutting the family down to its more __7__ components, aman and a woman. Two people, perhaps with matched careers, will prove more efficient at navigating through education and social status, through job changes and geographic relocations, than teh ordinarily child-cluttered family.A __8__ may be the postponement of children, rather than childlessness. Men and women today are often torn in __9__ between a commitment to career and a commitment to children. In the future, many __10__ will sidestePthis problem by deferring the entire task of raising children until after retirement.A)transplant B)solution C)gadually D)transportE)elemental F)conflict G)continually H)mobileI)couples J)agricultural )including L)compromiseM)requires N)primary O)consisting8 M, o9 `. {/ ]4 W3 G+ a- o% e
【答案】
# Z1 _# _ W3 I" r1. 选J)。此处应填形容词,修饰名次societies。文章第一句就说The typical pre-industrial family.。.“工业化之前的典型家庭模式。..。..”, 即“extended“ family存在于工业化之前的社会,即agricultural society。故J)正确。选项中的primary”最初的,原始的“不符合原文意思。
- X `0 w+ I6 F, D7 P2. 选A)。由be hard to do sth.可知,此处应填动词原形。They are immobile“这样的家庭很难流动”,这说明这样的家庭are hard to.。.,选项中由transplant和transport两个动词原形,前者指的是“迁居,迁移”,后者指的是运输,不难推断前者符合原文意思,故 A)transplant正确。3. 选C)。因为这句话的句子结构完整,固此处应填副词。选项中的副词有gradually和continually,原文中。..and the so-called ”nuclear“ family emerged.所谓的“核心家庭”便出现了“,emerge的意思是“浮现” ,强调经过一个过程后出现的。由此可以判断,这句话坏死说明核心家庭从无到有逐渐出现,而不是连续不断地出现,故选择C)gradually》
4 T, Y& z: W) K) ~9 w4. 选O)。该句可拆分理解,即a family unit.。. of parents and a smell set of children “一个家庭单元。..。..父母和不多的孩子“,由此可以推出这里要填的词是表示”包含,由。..。..组成“的。选项中的including和 consisting均可以表示此意,但由原文中的of可排除including,consist of为固定刺诸,故O)为正确答案。
N: s' a, h: X4 T5. 选H)。从原文中的more.。.than可知,此处应填形容词,构成形容词的比较级结构。由第一段最后一句可知the traditional extended family是immobile,那么新型的家庭模式比旧的因该是更有流动性,故应选H)mobile,说明新型的家庭模式的优点。( J7 x) `/ A% F: [6 c6 C
6. 选M)。此处应填动词,作这句话的谓语。Super-industrialism“(更发达的)超级工业化”。..。..更具流动性的家庭。可推知空格处应填表示“需要,需求”的词。requires表示出自一种迫切的需要而提出的要求,很明显选择M)requires.: w2 e" J/ q+ v9 j" ^/ \* W
7. 选E)。此处应填形容词,用来修饰名词components。文中说明家庭被减缩到最。..。..的成员,即由男人和女人组成,男人和女人是一个家庭最基本的成员。选项中的E)elemental“基本的,本质的”,而N)primary“主要的,最早的”,原文强调的是男人和女人是一个家庭最basic 的组成部分,故E)更符合原文意思。
5 {% { I. [. V8.选l)。此处应填名词。上段说两人家庭的优点,本句中提到rather than childlessness“而不是不要孩子”,说明晚要孩子是解决工作和孩子的折中的办法,故选项中的L)compromise“妥协,折中”符合文意。而solution虽然也表示解决办法,但不能表达夫妇们无可奈何的心情,故排除。 q8 h; n7 c6 A" z
9.选F)。上题中已提到工作和要孩子之间存在矛盾即conflict,根据上下文意思,这个题相对容易。
+ `8 W" Y) M/ D, J" M10.选I)。这段一直在说一个家庭里男人和女人因为工作和要孩子的事情发生争吵,那么将来要解决这个问题的仍然是家庭中的夫妻两人,故这里应填I)couples.9 v ^& z9 W6 f# E
【2011年英语四级阅读理解模拟题及解析e】
0 g" ]7 P; \4 w1 Q. U6 `- m9 d# [: bVideoconferencing is nothing more than a television set or PC monitor with a camera Through the videocenferencing, not only your voice but also your face, the surroundings and any other graphic and phisical __1__ can be captured and transmitted through the communication system with or without wires. Of course, when you go into the details, the technology involved is very __2__ and the subject matter littered with jargon. Such as ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network), POTS (Plain Old Telephone Service) or the __3__ behind bandwidth, latency and isochrony which are used to explain how videoconferencing works.Good people communication is __4__ in any business, and the more interaction you can achieve, the more likely it is that your __5__ will be the right ones. Videoconferencing not only allows you to speak to people in different locations, but also note __6__ expressions and gestures that let you know what the other person is really thinking. Meetings are made more __7__ by sharing documents and computer applications that a simple telephone cannot __8__.__9__, organizations are discovering the competitive advantages and the power of videoconferencing. With advances in performance, economical pricing, the ability to __10__ essential meeting tools and connectivity to global telephone networks and standardized videoconferencing protocols, videoconferencing is now a practical reality for any organization.& z" l+ E, d9 t: ?8 t
A) fortunately$ }3 N0 n S5 [5 {& h0 z* R
B) effective& e4 X9 B( l7 I6 S
C) images
6 M5 Q& }; z; G1 I! Q2 nD) articulate
6 L% w8 e, S0 G7 a: ]5 z" kE) facial
# v6 V; d) @7 }) `! I; JF) manage
2 ^' v( x4 s3 I& m( r# IG) decisions
k/ x5 A6 }5 I7 k: j. R6 ^. T4 cH) connect
- @$ ^+ y6 x8 D' s" F+ TI) advanced
" N3 ?4 L+ P& C, |% ]' p0 J% sJ) integrate ?) z- I+ c. u; h
K) progressive
. i2 a: l- Y p1 k5 [' T6 mL) concepts
1 P3 t, F6 v% E# ]4 j9 PM)pictures
: P1 \0 t1 x' BN) increasingly
: v2 y# Y6 V7 H; R- n' nO) important
. s, ^) n7 q$ o6 K2 ^! N【答案】
! R- F. p( D! s( B1. 选C)。空格中要填的是名词,从后面的。..。..can be captured and transmitted可以选出选项中images和pictures,pictures指“画面,图片”,一般指静态的情景;而文中的意思表达的是实时的电视会议,画面应该是动态的,images可以表示动态的形象,画面,故C)images正确。8 J" Q- c- G1 U4 K1 \5 a. r
2.选I)。这里应填形容词,修饰the technology。选项中的advanced,progressive,important可以用来修饰the technology,注释1说明了the technology中包含了很多行业术语,是很深奥的,排除important;而progressive“上进的,进步的”,强调寻求更好的,advanced“领先的,有高深的,并非人人都能接受的含义”,根据上下文I)advanced更符合题意。
W4 o5 M: o3 z) n6 K3.选L)。首先判断这里应填名词,再根据注释2种“用于解释视频会议工作原理的。..。..”,原文中有explain“解释,说明”可以退出,选项中的名词中concepts最符合题意。故选L)。
, o$ n+ Q. u1 i' N, {1 O" E4.选O)。此处应填形容词。这个分句后面说交流越多,你越可能成为正确的那一个,说明交流很重要,与本土的视频会议-----一种交流的工具主题一致,这里应该填important。& o5 I4 [! |. T& q4 l
5. 选G)。由空格后的ones可知,这里应填名词的复数形式。前面提到the more interaction.。., the more likely.。.be the right ones“得到的交互信息越多,你的。..。..就更有可能正确的”。人们通过电视会议谈判协商,了解得信息越多,自己的判断,决策才会更正确。故这里应填G)decisions。concepts“概念”是打扰项,这里和概念无关。: T% O! G+ Y( d: Q
6.选E)。此处应填形容词。由上文 Videoconferencing not only allows you to speak to people in different locations“视频会议不仅可以让你与不同地方的人说话”,。..expressions and gestures that let you know what the other person is really thinking.“。..。..表情和姿态,从而让你知道他们的真实想法”,很明显修饰expressions的应该是facial,意思是“面部表情”。$ c& E! R& U! l
7.选B)。此处要填形容词,与more构成形容词比较级结构。从后文by sharing documents and computer application“通过共享文档和计算机应用,会议能更加。..。..”,这里电话会议的优势,也是其目的,即提高效率,故这里应填 B)effective。K)progressive“进步的”并不是电话会议要达到的目的,故排除。
* T+ n6 c' \6 _8.选F)。此处应填动词原形。选项中的动词原形有articulate,manage,integrate,connect,由原文可知,电视会议可以“共享文档和应用计算机”,而电话是不能做到的,以推断这里填的词表示“做到,实现”的词,故只有manage“设法,达成”符合文意。9 k7 z5 g$ b/ {- L( [' L0 d
9.选N)。可以推断此处应填副词,选项中有fortunately和increasingly两个副词,本文全文都在说随着技术的发达,电视电话会议越来越受欢迎,所以应该是increasingly而不是fortunately“幸运地”。
! `, f& d- i7 \6 E10.选J)。此处应填动词原型,宾语是各种重要的会议工具。选项中还有articulate,integrate和connect三个位动词原形。其中aiticulate作“接合”意思讲的时候指的接,connect“连接”表示将分离的东西连接在一起,而integrate强调的是各种事物结合,形成一个整体。integrate正确,故选J)。 |