Americans are proud of their variety and individualty, yet they love and respect few things more than a uniform. Why are uniforms so __1__ in the United States?
+ v: n3 E" Q) I0 x1 c8 IAmong the arguments for uniforms, one of the first is that in the eyes of most people they look more __2__ than civilian(百姓的) clothes. People have become conditioned to __3__ superior quality from a man who wears a uniform. The television repairman who wears a uniform tends to __4__ more trust than one who appears in civilian clothes. Faith in the __5__ of a garage mechanic is increased by a uniform. What an easier way is there for a nurse, a policeman, a barber, or a waiter to __6__ professional identity(身份) than to step out of uniform? Uniforms also have many __7__ benefits. They save on other clothes. They save on laundry bills. They are often more comfortable and more durable than civilian clothes.
. H* ~5 B8 h- y8 x _ w8 nPrimary among the arguments against uniforms is their lack of variety and the consequent loss of __8__ experienced by people who must wear them. Though there are many types of uniforms, the wearer of any particular type is generally stuck with it, without __9__, until retirement. When people look alike, they tend to think, speak, and act __10__, on the job at least.
- l, x5 A9 _/ N/ D[A]skill
, b ~0 s$ @( k0 Q, ?5 z[B]popular# N8 t' y, J$ ]4 @7 C
[C]get2 e: w. a/ R+ Q: d/ X
[D]change1 j; l0 b" ]5 S2 Z
[E]similarly
% R- j4 V- v# S T8 C3 M0 R[F]professional' q/ z/ q' ?/ i4 P; T0 M
[G]character
. m4 I7 F( a( W, B- H8 ^% a[H]individuality* d& D; ^+ D+ g( |
[I]inspire* K p+ d2 {; `- B
[J]differently' I6 o2 ]" [' I# z
[K]expect
. y8 L3 |8 d5 ]6 G1 Q4 l[L]practical, B0 V) D+ D4 n
[M]recall0 w! X1 h3 r9 G# G$ y
[N]lose0 t, f1 }3 [, N l% O& Y
[O]ordinary
& N% W- G+ ?. G: tANSWERS:( Q) ~6 E, V/ [ { j5 S6 A2 `6 O
1.选B)。从文章的第一句they love and respect few thins more than a uniform“他们又无比热爱和崇尚制服”,说明了制服在美国很受欢迎。因此选项B)popular符合原文意思。选项中的professional “职业的”、practical“实用的”和ordinary“普通的,平常的”都不符合第一段的意思。6 T+ [+ z& M5 P" t
2.选F)。此处应填形容词。从 more.。.than civilian clothes可知,此处要填的形容词意思与civilian相对,说明制服的特点。选项中的形容词中只有professional“职业的”和 civilian相对的,故F)正确。而pratical“实用的”和ordinary“平常的”意思都不能和civilian对应,故排除。6 Z1 G+ M3 S# W
3. 选K)。由be conditioned to do sth.“习惯于”可知,此处应填动词原形。从前面的look more“看起来更。..”和后面的tend to“倾向于”可知,这段要说明的是人们的主观印象,应填入表示“期望(得到)”的单词,只有K)expect符合原文语气。选项中get“得到”与上下文的语气不符合。
! N7 m2 d" n! D1 [) ?' b5 M7 f4.选I)。此处应填动词原形。从原文中“人们习惯。..从穿制服的人那儿得到优质服务。”可知,人们更信任穿制服的人,即制服能使人产生信任感。选项中的动词原形中只有inspire“使产生”符合文章。. C. {# G f/ C, g7 V, O
5.选A)。此处应填名词。前面两句表达了人们对穿制服的人更加信任的意思,那么对于garage mechanic“汽车修理工”来说,人们信任的是它的技术,而不是人品,故选项中只有A)skill符合原文意思。0 F4 G' D" z- r8 N. {1 H
6.选N)。此处应填动词。。..step out of uniform“脱掉制服”是对护士、警察等来说是。..。..职业身份的很简单的方式。脱下制服就是失去了职业身份,由此可以推知此处应填N)lose。
5 u% j W- o' X; b$ s7. 选L)。此处应填形容词,说明制服的其他有点。从下文“。..节省购买其他衣服的开销,节省洗衣费用,比便服更舒适也更耐穿”可知,制服除了增加信任感还有实际的优点。选项中的pratical“实用的”和ordinary“平常的”,很明显L)pratical符合原文意思。
! M* W+ s) A' [5 p; T- s8.选H)。此处应填名词。文章手段就说“美国人为自己的多元化和个性化感到高傲无比,然而他们又无比热爱和崇尚制服”,其中包含制服使他们失去自己的个性的意思,那么联系第一段,此处指出的制服的缺点即为失去个性,故选项H)individuality正确。individuality强调与他人特点的区别,而 character指的是个人特定的内在本质。3 f, Q5 r; y4 b" k/ K
9.选D)。此处应填名词。前面说制服让人失去了个性,虽然有很多种制服,但穿上制服的人直至退休都是那件制服,所有是没有变化的,故此处应填change,故D)正确。
2 |8 m" t7 O! F/ c2 I+ {# m10. 选E)。此处应填副词,修饰动词act。前面指出。..look alike,they tend to.。.,说明此处填的词和alike意思相近。选项种副词有similarly和differently,很明显,E)similarly与 alike意思相近,故选E)。
1 m! q. B1 d9 F' ~4 ]7 `【2011年英语四级阅读理解模拟题及解析b】) Q5 i) E: c9 E/ i# z! U+ J
As is known to all, the organization and management of wages and salaries are very complex. Generally speaking, the Accounts Department is __1__ for calculations of pay, while the Personnel Department is interested in discussions with the employees about pay.6 l9 {8 @& P, K* B( ]
If a firm wants to __2__ a new wage and salary structure, it is essential that the firm should decide on a __3__ of job evaluation and ways of measuring the performance of its employees. In order to be __4__, that new pay structure will need agreement between Trade Unions and employers. In job evaluation, all of the requirements of each job are defined in a detailed job description. |