Americans are proud of their variety and individualty, yet they love and respect few things more than a uniform. Why are uniforms so __1__ in the United States?
# ]1 k1 D# b! mAmong the arguments for uniforms, one of the first is that in the eyes of most people they look more __2__ than civilian(百姓的) clothes. People have become conditioned to __3__ superior quality from a man who wears a uniform. The television repairman who wears a uniform tends to __4__ more trust than one who appears in civilian clothes. Faith in the __5__ of a garage mechanic is increased by a uniform. What an easier way is there for a nurse, a policeman, a barber, or a waiter to __6__ professional identity(身份) than to step out of uniform? Uniforms also have many __7__ benefits. They save on other clothes. They save on laundry bills. They are often more comfortable and more durable than civilian clothes.3 n+ y1 }: Q3 J' P' T& ]4 R2 ^
Primary among the arguments against uniforms is their lack of variety and the consequent loss of __8__ experienced by people who must wear them. Though there are many types of uniforms, the wearer of any particular type is generally stuck with it, without __9__, until retirement. When people look alike, they tend to think, speak, and act __10__, on the job at least.
; U4 \+ a7 ~, `& f. x[A]skill. d) ^8 [4 I* t, N" U) t
[B]popular
4 R, n0 ~5 E2 H[C]get4 o1 w7 L' T$ G1 T9 M
[D]change
) M+ D3 p; |' Z[E]similarly
2 N2 F! k* L" o6 S$ R[F]professional
4 A" A! W7 G. ]( {/ b |, A: k[G]character
9 i- l3 @. C- ^6 k" j[H]individuality
+ m0 `* j) d0 Z2 x[I]inspire) |% L0 ]( a3 }8 r! h8 }+ E: D+ k+ P
[J]differently
5 p) z! c% z9 u2 l0 \7 m# e; Y[K]expect/ }5 ], }: o7 N/ u& i7 \
[L]practical
8 f9 t, C, _$ E9 Z; u% z5 N[M]recall
9 O0 _4 a* v, v3 _ S8 q1 K[N]lose
1 d! w3 b1 ]9 g9 c, W[O]ordinary& Y+ ], B( ~4 X) j- h
ANSWERS:
) `5 f! W# B* X0 {- k1.选B)。从文章的第一句they love and respect few thins more than a uniform“他们又无比热爱和崇尚制服”,说明了制服在美国很受欢迎。因此选项B)popular符合原文意思。选项中的professional “职业的”、practical“实用的”和ordinary“普通的,平常的”都不符合第一段的意思。
5 ~0 K" b# E5 u9 Y2.选F)。此处应填形容词。从 more.。.than civilian clothes可知,此处要填的形容词意思与civilian相对,说明制服的特点。选项中的形容词中只有professional“职业的”和 civilian相对的,故F)正确。而pratical“实用的”和ordinary“平常的”意思都不能和civilian对应,故排除。
4 I u% k: v9 R& [" i0 |& A3. 选K)。由be conditioned to do sth.“习惯于”可知,此处应填动词原形。从前面的look more“看起来更。..”和后面的tend to“倾向于”可知,这段要说明的是人们的主观印象,应填入表示“期望(得到)”的单词,只有K)expect符合原文语气。选项中get“得到”与上下文的语气不符合。
8 N" q7 j" [3 {: z& r5 D j: }+ s3 V) |4.选I)。此处应填动词原形。从原文中“人们习惯。..从穿制服的人那儿得到优质服务。”可知,人们更信任穿制服的人,即制服能使人产生信任感。选项中的动词原形中只有inspire“使产生”符合文章。
0 ]/ V. N& @- w) c5.选A)。此处应填名词。前面两句表达了人们对穿制服的人更加信任的意思,那么对于garage mechanic“汽车修理工”来说,人们信任的是它的技术,而不是人品,故选项中只有A)skill符合原文意思。& L# S* V% O& I
6.选N)。此处应填动词。。..step out of uniform“脱掉制服”是对护士、警察等来说是。..。..职业身份的很简单的方式。脱下制服就是失去了职业身份,由此可以推知此处应填N)lose。
+ p$ t6 z7 N5 L5 \. F, J7. 选L)。此处应填形容词,说明制服的其他有点。从下文“。..节省购买其他衣服的开销,节省洗衣费用,比便服更舒适也更耐穿”可知,制服除了增加信任感还有实际的优点。选项中的pratical“实用的”和ordinary“平常的”,很明显L)pratical符合原文意思。) c+ o: F9 S! T# V' g- G! D
8.选H)。此处应填名词。文章手段就说“美国人为自己的多元化和个性化感到高傲无比,然而他们又无比热爱和崇尚制服”,其中包含制服使他们失去自己的个性的意思,那么联系第一段,此处指出的制服的缺点即为失去个性,故选项H)individuality正确。individuality强调与他人特点的区别,而 character指的是个人特定的内在本质。4 Y) \! ~. m& w
9.选D)。此处应填名词。前面说制服让人失去了个性,虽然有很多种制服,但穿上制服的人直至退休都是那件制服,所有是没有变化的,故此处应填change,故D)正确。
; g0 ^1 ~7 h8 ~$ @10. 选E)。此处应填副词,修饰动词act。前面指出。..look alike,they tend to.。.,说明此处填的词和alike意思相近。选项种副词有similarly和differently,很明显,E)similarly与 alike意思相近,故选E)。1 G' W: b) |. p! H* @! B- |8 P$ x Z
【2011年英语四级阅读理解模拟题及解析b】: ~5 H. R6 k6 k+ x+ t3 Q6 g
As is known to all, the organization and management of wages and salaries are very complex. Generally speaking, the Accounts Department is __1__ for calculations of pay, while the Personnel Department is interested in discussions with the employees about pay.- s" f8 \8 L, j+ G
If a firm wants to __2__ a new wage and salary structure, it is essential that the firm should decide on a __3__ of job evaluation and ways of measuring the performance of its employees. In order to be __4__, that new pay structure will need agreement between Trade Unions and employers. In job evaluation, all of the requirements of each job are defined in a detailed job description. |