When some nineteenth century New Yorkers said "Harlem",3 z% F, ?/ ~" @" M1 z1 Z
they meant almost all of Manhattan above Eighty-sixth Street.
2 a* j& @. \" G* {$ u* b Toward the end of the century, however, a group% \% ^5 ~2 }" [# n* E- u/ E. G3 L
of citizens in upper Manhattan-want perhaps, to shape a closer 1._________7 ~! q+ y+ J9 N0 @0 s
and more precise sense of community—designated a section that
! E% \7 s4 l8 g) Y0 q% s8 d3 s they wished to have known as Harlem. The chosen area was the! S' I }, d) z) C; v4 Q9 T
Harlem which Blacks were moving in the first decades of the 2.________6 m/ L# n \* [6 G) h7 H* t1 _/ n
new century as they left their old settlements on the middle and
0 n- z6 P9 s% v( F+ Q, p0 }9 S* v1 D lower blocks of the West Side.0 I4 E! q; q/ e1 A5 ]
As the community became predominantly Black, the very
! g- O- C0 @% J/ G3 M, ~% S# j7 ~ word "Harlem" seemed to lose its old meaning. At time it was 3.________8 [- L, `, @1 e
easy to forget that "Harlem" was originally the Dutch name
5 [& ], l: k, ]. o9 j+ Q "Harlem"; the community it described had been founded by 4.________# }( W |( Y% n+ H/ O) h; i, M! E
people from Holland;and that for most of its three centuries—it2 k% I- f1 v( U+ a2 W4 l* R
was first settled in the sixteen hundreds—it had been preoccupied 5.________
8 R' V. U# c1 P7 } @1 y by White New Yorkers. "Harlem" became synonymous to 6.________8 o+ |# m& X2 x+ U ~; ?7 _8 J
Black life and Black style in Manhattan. Blacks living there
5 J# H b5 V# i( ]* |& W$ a used the word as though they had coined it on themselves—not 7.________" V- M6 i( j) h- S; l; M
only to designate their area of residence but to express their
7 A# E+ d! \! p" [ sense of the various qualities of its life and atmosphere. As the! n. i2 k: J* U7 E9 E' p4 ?
years passed, "Harlem" asserted an even larger meaning. In 8.________
) z7 P1 n3 |' @& z' l7 l V the words of Adam Clayton Powell, Sr., the pastor of the
; f9 C9 J/ o, H) W3 P) Z$ { Abyssinian Baptist Church, Harlem "became the symbol of liberty& ]1 k: a, ]! V& D% }$ U" h
and the Promised Land to Negroes everywhere".
7 x' m; t( n4 W e. l0 A5 \ |