语态是动词的一种形式,它用来表示句中主语同谓语动词之间的关系。 . g a; H0 h' ~. ]
英语有两种语态, 主动语态和被动语态, 主动语态表示主语是谓语动词动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是谓语动词动作的承受者。例如: 7 Y) S' U7 {0 k! a/ h# Z
I have repaired the radio.
) Z/ D. T& d* ~7 y 我修好了收音机。 ! _5 X) g1 k& J* N9 f7 H! r2 k
The radio has been repaired.
! [* U1 d1 g/ i 收音机被修好了。
0 r3 A- W0 w. M- D& \ The students cleaned the classroom.
& K8 g) T ]/ n: k* C3 v4 | 学生们打扫了教室。 www.ExamW.CoM1 x, n& Z; t9 }# j. d
The classroom was cleaned by the students. 5 e5 o1 o& p4 u$ R
教室被学生们打扫了。
; N8 d& q9 Y7 U9 m4 S6 Q 被动语态的构成:
3 n. F* a, W$ A3 g5 h w2 X2 A be + 过去分词
- j9 K6 x# p( ^0 S! [ A building was damaged by the storm.
! }8 d8 e6 z0 c2 h9 u2 t8 p* ` 暴风雨毁坏了一座建筑物。 1 I6 a3 i/ p: l2 r; Z
Our plate was made in China. 3 {4 F7 {" m- C! Z
我们的盘子是中国生产的。 7 V% P9 l' X# `5 a6 f" z
My bike was stolen. 5 W3 w0 v! B# _4 J1 z) G7 \
我的自行车被盗了。
9 v$ P0 s1 c4 f 常用的被动语态的时态变化如下,以 ask 为例: 8 G' G$ r Y' |( Y9 u3 F# n
一般 进行 完成 0 j# R: S' Y1 t7 ~9 G: j' w# w
现在I am asked, I am being asked, I have been asked
" k0 D0 R, C8 c3 [ 过去I was asked,I was being asked,I had been asked
9 }/ W9 |. E1 N1 B; E 将来I shall be asked, I shall have been asked ; [( L# D' A( f9 R+ G
过去将来I shall be asked ( |; r; i3 I2 ]( o7 i3 x# }
被动语态的疑问句是把助动词提前到句首。
, N8 }! H( h: P Has your TV set been repaired?
1 r2 U$ L+ R9 t 你的电视机修了吗?
% G" m3 C7 B/ X5 A+ E H9 g. @ Was the kite broken? 9 D7 A0 y8 N5 `5 R4 ^. t
风筝破了吗?
5 G& K( @. Y) U. ~ Has the work been done? , w! g u, k& c+ z0 [# F
工作结束了吗? & s. @2 q9 L W2 m3 t
被动语态的否定式是在助动词后面加 not. # B0 \/ B9 f: E2 v5 c# |0 B
The letter has not been sent out.
# N5 a: n. m) m4 s' u 信还没有发出去。 中华考试网(www.Examw。com)
8 L! S9 e0 v2 ?6 F: B# O The little boy has not been found out.
' q- x8 @, _' V1 V2 G 小孩还没有找到。
" z* E$ h$ y! P! {& I$ j; l: D The cap has not been mended yet. ' e0 `: z' ]$ e& u* l+ }/ u& n6 H
帽子还没有补好。
" ]# t! O2 t5 e) X4 w! U Their money has not been sent to them.
r0 ~* M! a" ^) a9 `2 m" x. S 他们的钱还没有送到他们手中。 |