语态是动词的一种形式,它用来表示句中主语同谓语动词之间的关系。 1 S( t6 S' o% W
英语有两种语态, 主动语态和被动语态, 主动语态表示主语是谓语动词动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是谓语动词动作的承受者。例如:
! m" W9 @8 L- m" y8 M I have repaired the radio.
: S2 S- G4 z* f. L. U- r& |6 W 我修好了收音机。 2 M5 r. ~8 W3 s% ?+ D5 E& A
The radio has been repaired.
- h4 L% I4 N( m! r9 Y3 k! t2 {5 U 收音机被修好了。
+ C& @% ?: K- i The students cleaned the classroom. , t \& p: b- S8 \& d
学生们打扫了教室。 www.ExamW.CoM9 v& P {0 E7 |' K6 C
The classroom was cleaned by the students.
6 R/ w0 j$ `9 s. d, _ 教室被学生们打扫了。 ; z+ _- W' a1 A$ X6 i) G
被动语态的构成: 9 A/ ]; U( w- r2 j
be + 过去分词 ) u8 @! i! q' b" m# U4 I# D' S7 |$ j% q
A building was damaged by the storm. 6 ]+ s4 S/ Z* y/ j8 i1 z
暴风雨毁坏了一座建筑物。
9 S% i5 v; z$ b ~8 m7 l Our plate was made in China. . A7 _( x( ~8 D1 k( N
我们的盘子是中国生产的。
' u7 _1 H! o# a- M: `6 M# }; l My bike was stolen. $ G' ^% l4 [( X* p
我的自行车被盗了。 , ?4 d1 A) i( G* J) \; C
常用的被动语态的时态变化如下,以 ask 为例:
8 A1 }, _) Z0 w+ t, S 一般 进行 完成 1 l u& }+ W" p. Q; M
现在I am asked, I am being asked, I have been asked : ]6 G% z- `5 }7 Q
过去I was asked,I was being asked,I had been asked
7 p- S% [, o2 J# _7 s& P4 p2 C 将来I shall be asked, I shall have been asked " k1 l' ^& u/ a
过去将来I shall be asked
' X1 @9 e, P, B8 D; Y 被动语态的疑问句是把助动词提前到句首。 % k( e2 p& c3 z! |- ~( `3 A, F
Has your TV set been repaired?
% P* @5 m6 J* ^8 l& v' p- k8 J9 I 你的电视机修了吗? 1 |& F9 u) ?5 Y6 Y8 I
Was the kite broken? ) ]! I3 g: T. U$ Z) x
风筝破了吗? ! J6 L4 b Y( p& y8 R- p
Has the work been done? : Z$ k+ j. Z1 \9 [. |* b# b
工作结束了吗? 7 H& Q0 u0 G p! [# N3 t
被动语态的否定式是在助动词后面加 not.
" D5 Y l$ J: O& f The letter has not been sent out.
* j9 T# Q2 o2 m 信还没有发出去。 中华考试网(www.Examw。com)9 y: J% ^/ i- L1 `! f$ b
The little boy has not been found out. 5 U3 a" Q# P2 w0 C0 p& E Y
小孩还没有找到。
7 ]9 L' U7 F; s& L, ^ The cap has not been mended yet.
6 M" h1 x, c1 {: K P 帽子还没有补好。 # y4 B6 \0 Q1 Z+ T' G( t/ X
Their money has not been sent to them.
2 R% [& b+ l+ O7 V- S |$ o3 @6 ~ 他们的钱还没有送到他们手中。 |