语态是动词的一种形式,它用来表示句中主语同谓语动词之间的关系。
$ s5 ]- _9 V% x. c2 u& M 英语有两种语态, 主动语态和被动语态, 主动语态表示主语是谓语动词动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是谓语动词动作的承受者。例如: ! v5 o: p) g: K! m' _9 G
I have repaired the radio. ( e, Z, H7 f2 r2 Q
我修好了收音机。 - W6 X: ~3 Y# w; ]. p1 }
The radio has been repaired.
2 x( k* b! c# j: w; q. _1 F 收音机被修好了。 6 q# a) T! S" `: Q( s
The students cleaned the classroom. 9 y. x: n D+ _6 M& ]; Z& P3 Q
学生们打扫了教室。 www.ExamW.CoM' M) i: I4 y# O, R
The classroom was cleaned by the students. - {: w) m3 Z# a) I8 }6 @' q0 P
教室被学生们打扫了。 + V$ X, d* t2 o
被动语态的构成: + t8 z# G+ U2 H# I6 ~
be + 过去分词 2 Y6 I0 }7 i+ d. U' ] G6 z
A building was damaged by the storm.
, l1 u: U, w1 n& S 暴风雨毁坏了一座建筑物。
7 V5 a& V( W3 j Our plate was made in China.
9 m+ ?1 E2 q8 K* m7 H5 E 我们的盘子是中国生产的。 . U8 j& [6 G7 [& u& n4 ~0 H
My bike was stolen.
2 f. Z9 P0 @/ v$ I2 U4 Z& }2 E/ q: B 我的自行车被盗了。
, d( N0 b) d$ Y' t, N3 z3 j! m- c 常用的被动语态的时态变化如下,以 ask 为例: ' ~, a- ]4 Z( o( ^
一般 进行 完成 0 K0 D6 r% q' C7 W* @, Z% G
现在I am asked, I am being asked, I have been asked 8 L4 j3 O5 r9 r" ?0 e' A+ y3 e
过去I was asked,I was being asked,I had been asked " k% |6 @+ N- @; X* q0 M* b
将来I shall be asked, I shall have been asked
5 p d% R6 b- @. ~7 K n 过去将来I shall be asked 2 @# z( b }2 b0 Z- Z1 E
被动语态的疑问句是把助动词提前到句首。
/ V/ w5 O3 r8 [0 w' X8 d9 k Has your TV set been repaired?
- k# ?8 z% v4 R7 s2 H' Y 你的电视机修了吗?
+ w5 n7 n# g+ a9 g* C9 F Was the kite broken?
1 n) h' ^9 J: r: B9 q: i; y# Y 风筝破了吗? : L* F) H' u D
Has the work been done?
0 N7 b* G/ G& J, G. r" d! K: M0 x 工作结束了吗?
. C" y+ y3 I* ~9 u" k 被动语态的否定式是在助动词后面加 not.
# [& l6 T* @# } The letter has not been sent out.
' D4 `6 S4 u* B0 L 信还没有发出去。 中华考试网(www.Examw。com)2 [( f K* k, Z5 P5 `, ~
The little boy has not been found out. ( V+ N1 \2 p& R. v, U9 g+ |; v5 p
小孩还没有找到。
3 H4 j" M' m7 e9 \0 O+ M7 ] The cap has not been mended yet. ; Q- v$ F$ Z* p
帽子还没有补好。 ; w7 x2 L8 u/ ?: m
Their money has not been sent to them.
0 M# ^: P4 V& \ z 他们的钱还没有送到他们手中。 |