在陈述句中
5 ?6 ]4 \6 I+ r# ^* w 陈述句在一般情况下用自然语序;但由于英语语法的某些原因,陈述句也要使用倒装语序。这些原因大致可以归纳
4 [4 [2 I5 b/ q* k0 K 1) 为了避免句子部分内容不必要的重复,常用"so + be动词(助动词、情态动词)+主语"或"neither / nor + be动词(助动词、情态动词)+主语"的倒装句式。其中第一个句式表示"与前面所述的肯定情况相同", 第二个句式表示"与前面所述的否定情况相同"。例如: 2 [0 p- L" |3 @! v, k! r( s. h
His brother is a college student; so is mine.
% |9 N1 T m* k7 E$ T" t7 m) b 他弟弟是大学生,我弟弟也是。 . e* A; L9 y: v! t/ E2 X2 R0 m$ Q
His brother is not a college student; nor is min . 中 华 考 试 网
7 @: i9 p+ z+ Y+ z" h D6 [. a 他弟弟不是大学生,我弟弟也不是。
5 b5 E7 E n( }1 h He used to have his further study abroad; so did I. % B! i& D& j( F( l3 |6 B% U* ^# ~
他曾去国外深造过,我也去过。
3 o! V. L! `9 E1 l9 E He didn‘t use to have his further study abroad; neither did I. 3 [. R* a: p* ^' r8 e) w5 J5 J
他没去国外深造过,我也没有。
8 a% [3 _9 H: [ One of my friends can speak three foreign languages; so can his wife.
% O `/ B, H0 ^+ ]* H7 w7 d 我的一个朋友会说三门外国语,他的妻子也会。 + w' f7 B& R+ }% P' W* }
One of my friends cannot speak three foreign languages; neither can his wife .我的一个朋友不会说三门外国语,他的妻子也不会。 + u% Y: } n4 t/ J
They are now preparing for their final examinations; so are we . & `% P' P( S6 W8 z% ?/ r R0 V
他们正在为期末考试作准备,我们也一样。 ( }, i1 e3 o8 E8 u
They are not now preparing for their final examinations; nor are we . - x0 |$ u8 R9 a: q
他们没在为期末考试作准备,我们也没有。 ! n2 N U @! Q
2)具有否定意义的词或短语置于句首时(除否定词修饰主语外),句子一般要写成部分倒装句。这类词或短语常见的有:not, never, seldom, hardly, rarely, scarcely, by no means, under no circumstances, in no way, at no time, no sooner … (than), hardly … (when), not only … (but also), not until… ,等。例如:
4 |4 N3 k8 j- d: Z# ]8 R1 b2 R3 M& R3 x Hardly had she sat down when she heard someone knocking at the door . 中华考试网
* n9 Y( K$ N: ?3 r! K) |- G2 ^ 她还没来得及坐下来,就听见有人敲门。
6 U: d9 B/ @: `1 A- O. f+ T8 _* M Not until twelve o‘clock did he go to bed last night . " `7 p v% }# {& C! P3 N
他昨晚直到十二点钟才睡觉。
1 M9 s4 h- g" U& } Never have my sisters been to Hong Kong before .
d/ C4 A5 F% ^& z* k 我的妹妹们以前从未去过香港。
+ O: Z1 p z! e& V1 N No sooner had I returned home from New Zealand than I bought a house and went to live there.我从新西兰一回国,就买了一栋房子并在那儿住下了。 ; b7 ]/ M- y' o# @3 i
So far as I know, seldom does Mary come back to see her mother. $ E* U5 U5 e) k |4 ?
就我所知,玛利几乎很难回来看她妈妈。
; j! T4 G3 F0 L2 ]# u" [7 Y Scarcely a drop of rain fell here last fall . (否定词修饰主语时,句子不用倒装。) 去年秋天,这儿几乎没下一滴雨。 |