在陈述句中 % h- x" ^7 E$ P
陈述句在一般情况下用自然语序;但由于英语语法的某些原因,陈述句也要使用倒装语序。这些原因大致可以归纳 9 f/ ]" T4 f# W
1) 为了避免句子部分内容不必要的重复,常用"so + be动词(助动词、情态动词)+主语"或"neither / nor + be动词(助动词、情态动词)+主语"的倒装句式。其中第一个句式表示"与前面所述的肯定情况相同", 第二个句式表示"与前面所述的否定情况相同"。例如: 4 K6 ?" {; A# u
His brother is a college student; so is mine.
1 y! y: Z8 B! J( U) c/ S 他弟弟是大学生,我弟弟也是。
* V5 K- _$ W2 o2 q His brother is not a college student; nor is min . 中 华 考 试 网
' e0 ]+ y$ @) l! D( Y 他弟弟不是大学生,我弟弟也不是。
$ V7 k, L# I0 S3 V He used to have his further study abroad; so did I.
% F* ]3 u( C2 U2 O; m- g: O: W) K 他曾去国外深造过,我也去过。 ; _8 ~2 ?4 u5 _1 S- z W
He didn‘t use to have his further study abroad; neither did I. 3 F( q. f: ?0 C3 O) l0 |
他没去国外深造过,我也没有。
' @( y, c8 f1 m3 D6 s: t One of my friends can speak three foreign languages; so can his wife.
; y5 U6 d5 J6 q. e! ^+ {7 Q( j 我的一个朋友会说三门外国语,他的妻子也会。
6 i7 L* \0 d+ N# U8 D( [ One of my friends cannot speak three foreign languages; neither can his wife .我的一个朋友不会说三门外国语,他的妻子也不会。 + q6 `/ B$ H0 k- _: l3 e
They are now preparing for their final examinations; so are we .
& Q5 a# e: J1 U0 C 他们正在为期末考试作准备,我们也一样。
, O( w! v9 l# v( N They are not now preparing for their final examinations; nor are we .
" a1 F; U. d7 Z- ^3 j' T z: Z 他们没在为期末考试作准备,我们也没有。
. {$ W" _( H' m2 R) K 2)具有否定意义的词或短语置于句首时(除否定词修饰主语外),句子一般要写成部分倒装句。这类词或短语常见的有:not, never, seldom, hardly, rarely, scarcely, by no means, under no circumstances, in no way, at no time, no sooner … (than), hardly … (when), not only … (but also), not until… ,等。例如:
t3 ]! g/ w) |& U0 q+ h4 q Hardly had she sat down when she heard someone knocking at the door . 中华考试网
& y1 i; \* m0 h 她还没来得及坐下来,就听见有人敲门。 6 m$ `( y; r7 r) r8 A! {
Not until twelve o‘clock did he go to bed last night . . R: m& B9 v/ K* G% _+ W5 h6 t' [
他昨晚直到十二点钟才睡觉。
6 S6 r9 _4 | e) \ Never have my sisters been to Hong Kong before . 1 |; q! J/ L7 s/ K1 @ r8 B
我的妹妹们以前从未去过香港。 , P+ q( _% M0 e5 V! o- q
No sooner had I returned home from New Zealand than I bought a house and went to live there.我从新西兰一回国,就买了一栋房子并在那儿住下了。
. C( F U- C8 N% h8 O' j So far as I know, seldom does Mary come back to see her mother.
9 h0 }- @% r- w- ?, r 就我所知,玛利几乎很难回来看她妈妈。
$ T: x6 `( z& X5 C Scarcely a drop of rain fell here last fall . (否定词修饰主语时,句子不用倒装。) 去年秋天,这儿几乎没下一滴雨。 |