在陈述句中
& y ~! T1 ?( K6 G! D 陈述句在一般情况下用自然语序;但由于英语语法的某些原因,陈述句也要使用倒装语序。这些原因大致可以归纳
, G+ }4 h# q( v" _ 1) 为了避免句子部分内容不必要的重复,常用"so + be动词(助动词、情态动词)+主语"或"neither / nor + be动词(助动词、情态动词)+主语"的倒装句式。其中第一个句式表示"与前面所述的肯定情况相同", 第二个句式表示"与前面所述的否定情况相同"。例如:
$ Y) O% W! k9 W, t9 Z3 V) w: D: s His brother is a college student; so is mine. + ~+ {5 g' u# Q3 g' L
他弟弟是大学生,我弟弟也是。
5 v8 _. b7 q7 J5 S Z: |: |5 n: S9 ?, @ His brother is not a college student; nor is min . 中 华 考 试 网
$ Z) Y3 n* {8 d" P" C( | 他弟弟不是大学生,我弟弟也不是。
( n& T7 k2 j+ v4 J6 } He used to have his further study abroad; so did I.
( G% u& e$ w9 R4 c 他曾去国外深造过,我也去过。 7 s& e8 H" x' y6 M6 w2 K) X
He didn‘t use to have his further study abroad; neither did I. " q9 d( k# q+ E
他没去国外深造过,我也没有。
* U, x' |% t) ~ u One of my friends can speak three foreign languages; so can his wife. ; x" a! V8 Q: P4 c, H
我的一个朋友会说三门外国语,他的妻子也会。 " F5 b W* [. P2 `& L# X
One of my friends cannot speak three foreign languages; neither can his wife .我的一个朋友不会说三门外国语,他的妻子也不会。
: } R, O. L, ?/ k6 K* f& B They are now preparing for their final examinations; so are we . # p2 s5 j$ ~ w) ~+ Z! W1 w
他们正在为期末考试作准备,我们也一样。 ; \! |1 I. q# E
They are not now preparing for their final examinations; nor are we .
/ \7 Y, @. z+ V0 b) F K4 s 他们没在为期末考试作准备,我们也没有。
9 Z b! V6 ]8 I P 2)具有否定意义的词或短语置于句首时(除否定词修饰主语外),句子一般要写成部分倒装句。这类词或短语常见的有:not, never, seldom, hardly, rarely, scarcely, by no means, under no circumstances, in no way, at no time, no sooner … (than), hardly … (when), not only … (but also), not until… ,等。例如: : x" p! P7 n# q* e
Hardly had she sat down when she heard someone knocking at the door . 中华考试网
6 \# l+ c) B' V5 t$ y5 X 她还没来得及坐下来,就听见有人敲门。 2 |- s8 | N8 ^2 P5 d
Not until twelve o‘clock did he go to bed last night .
/ k2 d, a. z, q c4 F 他昨晚直到十二点钟才睡觉。 0 o0 r Z1 |% ~4 n5 V& I
Never have my sisters been to Hong Kong before .
# `6 u* G3 t, v/ m6 f6 m7 t 我的妹妹们以前从未去过香港。 & B4 Y& T7 V* [, y; X/ P
No sooner had I returned home from New Zealand than I bought a house and went to live there.我从新西兰一回国,就买了一栋房子并在那儿住下了。
8 @/ X/ u4 ~1 m* Q So far as I know, seldom does Mary come back to see her mother.
# [. G# ?- G5 m+ m( X! N 就我所知,玛利几乎很难回来看她妈妈。
2 q& R, M2 Y; X& W8 x8 ? Scarcely a drop of rain fell here last fall . (否定词修饰主语时,句子不用倒装。) 去年秋天,这儿几乎没下一滴雨。 |