有效的句子要有重点,并且要突出重点。句子的重点可以通过下列方法,加以突出:+ c8 M) F; A p3 d8 X/ V9 N" ?2 s" F
1. 把重点摆在句首或句尾. 一般而论,最显眼的位置是在“句尾,其次是在句首,中间的位置最平淡,乏善可陈。例如:
1 w* v9 D1 j) h6 S7 `+ a (1).Incorrect grammar and improper construction invariably distract readers' attention.1 w9 G w+ s0 Q7 q, R& \ }
(2) The history of vocabulary is, in many ways, the record of civilization.
! M J2 B( S5 s& K1 b7 n% o: L 把重点放在句尾是种“吊胃口”的方法,读者或听者非得读完或听完整句不可。
7 b, V7 K, Q7 R9 {/ i2 J" p 2. 在复杂句里,把主句放在从句之后.除了名词从句和形容词从句之外,因为它们位置较固定,副词从句中有几种的位置灵活,可以在主句之前出现,也可以跟在主句之后。通常我们就把这样的副词从句提前,重点则放在后头的主句,如:8 ]8 X0 Z: h- o0 x+ q
(3a) I came upon an old classmate when I went to town yesterday.. e+ G9 y0 \6 `6 U
When I went to town yesterday, I came upon an old classmate.
: v" a: h0 O4 s! D3 j 副词短语更是如此,如 : X; G5 F2 F' B E/ j) s! r1 K
(4a) Steel is commonly used to make knives, razors and other useful tools because of its durability.: G1 J& H | F" ~5 a( S3 Z9 X' q7 `
Because of its durability, steel is commonly used to make knives, razors and other useful tools.5 v& V/ @9 C* y g) `) m
3. 把较重要或有分量的词语放在后头,如和:
. [" A! @: J. F+ S6 h (5a) I was delighted and amused by the classical opera* Z9 b4 ^' i2 q5 D: r) }- E: R
I was amused and delighted by the classical opera.
& k* @/ r$ V0 k( k6 t) [ (6a) That singer's life was tragic and brief.
/ p+ G! Q. b% i& A7 ~. V That singer's life was brief and tragic.
- z3 t& P& l. R A 4. 把句子中一系列的项目作逻辑性的排列。例如:
% d, J" {4 V6 a- B3 M! t (7) Tony ate his dinner, watched TV, and then went to bed.
|3 I2 H% T+ V" N1 v, A' N (8) Were you bored with years of study in elementary school, high school and institute of higher education?6 I4 `0 ~3 ?/ p$ j# o" z
5. 必要时,重复重要的语词或概念。 例如:; Z0 o4 Z- X6 X$ I! s
(9) Jackie enjoys the company of ladies. He likes their beauty, he likes their delicacy, he likes their vivacity, and he likes their silence.
/ p0 W% A6 l5 Q# _/ c) s (10) ...the land stretched out without names. Nameless headlands split the surf; nameless lakes reflected the nameless mountains and nameless rivers flowed through nameless valleys and nameless bays.2 q6 @2 c8 F. b1 o$ J$ A6 K9 A" n# R: G
6. 尽量用主动语态,因此比(11a)好:
9 I8 k2 P7 m0 @( Z8 M) A% _ (11a) A pedestrian was struck on the head by a flying stone.
& O% w% z2 `2 ^ A flying stone struck a pedestrian on the head.3 Y* z- u( ~5 U
7. 适当时候,可用倒装句和平行句,如:
/ ]. ~" y+ g" b% W4 V: _5 e (12) Seven dwarfs lived here in the center of the dark forest. →) z- F/ Q" x! x( H1 z" [+ {
Here, in the center of the dark forest lived seven dwarfs.
. O: ]$ v" j2 F/ P7 M (13) Severity breeds fear; roughness breeds hatred.
3 f% }/ n* [8 q6 }8 J (14) Honesty recommends that I speak; self-interest demands that I remain silent. |