</p> 3.与汉语相比,英语中被动语态使用范围非常广。被动语态多用于以下场合。) U% c5 c7 l+ Y2 r" T; n
1)不清楚动作的执行者是谁。
: c1 R9 u. {; |4 H7 z5 i+ W) k 例1 The front window in the classroom was broken yesterday.(单纯地描述一个事实,即:窗户碎了。但是,"窗户被谁打碎了?"说话人并不知道), M( k2 O% B1 i' ?' z
2)说话人对宾语的兴趣大于对主语的兴趣。
( x6 i" Q3 ?/ \; @; Y. U- L 例2 The books are written especially for children.(说话人关心的只是;这本书是特别为孩子们准备的。目的达到就行,书的作者是谁不用管他)
; ]! h$ o+ k: _6 W! H/ l7 Y 3)不愿意说出动作的执行者,目的是为了使语言更加圆滑、得体。$ g8 j1 i. G2 r( D7 m
例3 It's generally considered impolite to ask one's age,salary,marriage,etc.(这句话的潜语境是,有人不识时宜地询问别人的年龄、收入和婚姻状况等,而这是非常不礼貌的。本句的说话者为了避免交际陷入尴尬刻意略去了主语,而选择了"It"作形式主语)$ @- H. {: H* U
4)出于修饰的原因,或使句子安排更加合理。2 U( e# u P( g4 D
例4 The professor came to our school and warmly welcomed by the teachers and students.(句子的后半句用被动式就可以只安排一个主语"the professor"。)
0 z! G" V) ]0 }! V S% B 汉语虽然也有"被"、"由"之类的词表示动作是被动的,但这种表达远没有英语的被动语态那么常见。因此,很多英语被动句在翻译时就被译成了汉语的主动句。反之,很多汉语的主动句在译成英文时会变成英语被动态。) J& u# I, U0 C5 @ v$ O( A" C! |
Exercise Eight
. ?8 j2 y( `; e! t- ~" l 1. _______________ (随着工商业的发展),the number of trees in many big cities has dramatically reduced.
" @0 `' L& }% a& r) y# A4 R 2. Travel can widen our knowledge, _____________ (扩大我们的眼界),and make one open-minded as well., w9 o9 q8 G; ~" W% C8 S$ x
3. Cars are responsible for most of the smog in cities, _______________ (这已经对环境造成了严重的污染).) f! G& {/ q& @ C2 {% f4 ]
4.Modernization will be entirely possible in the first half of the 21st century, as long as we ________________(坚持认为)that economic development is the center of all our work.3 }+ r" S7 i. r1 h+ @
5. He was convinced on the basis of ____________(当时已出现的情况)that there would be a long and difficult struggle. |