5) 顺序法 , [* b- X8 a+ v% c3 p
顺序法翻译不改变原文表达语序,不会影响对原文内容的理解。 ) T( P9 l$ ]3 x. C/ C$ {
例1 即使在我们关掉床头灯甜甜地进入梦乡时,电仍然为我们工作:开动电冰箱,把水加热,或使室内空调机继续运转。
4 D: z) L& ~. x3 g9 A 译文: Even when we turn off the bedside lamp and are fast asleep , electricity is working for us, driving our refrigerators, heating our water, or keeping our rooms air-conditioned. / _" a; p: f9 C6 k
在句子中,句子前半部分是一个让步状语从句,后半句的"开动","加热","使......运转"都是"电在为我们工作"的具体内容。因而在译文中,译者将这三个并行动作处理成了V-ing 形式,补充说明working的内容。译文按照原句的语序完全传达了原文的意思,采用顺序法翻译,达到了"精确,通顺"的目的。 : @* f3 k0 M7 m4 Q" b: ?
例2 It was a Saturday evening, when Tom was lying on the bench of the school listening to a blackbird and composing a lyric, that he saw the girls running among the trees, with the red-cheeked Joe in swift pursuit.
1 i: q9 X/ n0 P- E( }% n: m! V 译文: 那是周六的傍晚,汤姆正躺在学校的长凳上,一面听画眉鸟唱歌,一面写一首抒情诗,忽然看见女孩子们在树林里奔跑,后面紧跟着那红脸的乔。 j3 C$ U: F& N+ A; }! z
原句里一连串出现了一系列的动词如:lying, listening, composing, saw,这是按汤姆进行这些动作的先后顺序来描述的,如果在译文中打乱这些顺序,就反而会显得凌乱,没有逻辑。
$ w; n: x5 @! o5 |/ B3 F' k9 r 6)逆序法 a | m `4 h" P8 ^2 b
逆序法根据目标语使用者表达习惯与目标语读者的认知能力,按原文语序反向翻译,以便更好地传达原文的内容。
! M$ ^ f4 T5 j* z' g 例3 他经常做礼拜的时候,总坐在固定的座位上,可是那天他们发现他不坐在老地方。
- M0 W6 T: ]/ { 请读者比较下面两句译文,你认为哪一句较好?
% a; M* D* t. G' s 译文1:When he attended worship, he always took a certain seat, but they found that he took a different one that day.
4 u2 d$ r( F& f 译文2:They remarked how he took a different seat from that which he usually occupied when he chose to attend worship.
3 a1 ~& G, q3 c# |% v 两种译文都忠实传达了原文内容。第一种为顺序翻译,第二种为逆序翻译。第一种显得有些冗长拖沓,且前后简单句主语不一致(前半句主语为he,后半句主语是they),给人表述混乱之感。第二种由于采用了逆序法将原句意思用一个复合句表达出来,内容清晰,结构紧凑。
; w2 ^3 v* t+ ]. ?7 V# ~/ u+ ^* t 顺序法和逆序法主要是针对翻译长句而言,六级新题型汉译英题不会涉及此类译法,但作为翻译策略之一,应有所了解。 + ~' t* r/ K# m! \; c+ o6 B1 n
Exercise Three & d, O# y ~ |- l% A8 {
1.We wish to convey to you ________________ (我们衷心的祝贺).
3 v5 J; M( s: Z8 J1 @9 V5 @2 w 2. __________________(无论从哪一方面考虑),they ought to be given another chance.
5 _) k4 y! B& D2 S! ~2 E 3. ________________(随着时间的流逝),.they forgot their bitter sufferings.
! M& k2 U8 ~! `% s( p 4.We must _______________(使自己适应)the demands of our times; otherwise we’ll fall behind the other industrialized nations of the world.
: k! |# t2 Z( j. v 5.The number of the students in the city has ___________________ (增加了五倍) in comparison with 2001.
1 \& h- S M0 b/ |' u5 j+ g 1. our hearty congratulations ; u7 h" d5 l: a5 C5 M
解析:全句意为:我们希望向你表达我们衷心的祝福。主要考查词是"衷心的"。hearty 表示发自内心的,衷心的,亲切的,热烈的意思。如:a hearty welcome(热烈的欢迎);a hearty invitation(真诚的邀请);a hearty support(全力的支持。另外,"希望(做)某事"可以说成:wish to do sth./ wish + sth. * a# x# @: C0 K R
2. Taking everything into consideration ' D$ u& I0 E" K+ D I+ @+ G
解析:本题考查的是反面表达法。"无论从哪一方面考虑"即:方方面面都考虑到。"考虑"的短语表达有:take sth. into consideration /take sth. into account 。因为此句主句已给出,所以take应用现在分词的形式,在句中作原因状语。本句采用反译法,使译文符合英文表达习惯。 |