5) 顺序法 4 ~5 G* `6 o! W+ u' D/ w: y
顺序法翻译不改变原文表达语序,不会影响对原文内容的理解。
. a B @ G2 D( x; | w 例1 即使在我们关掉床头灯甜甜地进入梦乡时,电仍然为我们工作:开动电冰箱,把水加热,或使室内空调机继续运转。 4 u3 B. n& y, t i5 y5 B
译文: Even when we turn off the bedside lamp and are fast asleep , electricity is working for us, driving our refrigerators, heating our water, or keeping our rooms air-conditioned. 4 g3 w" \; s: R) _$ \
在句子中,句子前半部分是一个让步状语从句,后半句的"开动","加热","使......运转"都是"电在为我们工作"的具体内容。因而在译文中,译者将这三个并行动作处理成了V-ing 形式,补充说明working的内容。译文按照原句的语序完全传达了原文的意思,采用顺序法翻译,达到了"精确,通顺"的目的。
7 U" ]: K/ Z9 k h: N; z/ T) F& [" V 例2 It was a Saturday evening, when Tom was lying on the bench of the school listening to a blackbird and composing a lyric, that he saw the girls running among the trees, with the red-cheeked Joe in swift pursuit.
, e' b1 R: |% l 译文: 那是周六的傍晚,汤姆正躺在学校的长凳上,一面听画眉鸟唱歌,一面写一首抒情诗,忽然看见女孩子们在树林里奔跑,后面紧跟着那红脸的乔。 $ a0 `# C% m0 s8 D; G+ L- Z
原句里一连串出现了一系列的动词如:lying, listening, composing, saw,这是按汤姆进行这些动作的先后顺序来描述的,如果在译文中打乱这些顺序,就反而会显得凌乱,没有逻辑。
( n8 i% O0 b9 ^% S8 f$ R" O0 B1 s 6)逆序法
2 M0 w, E$ e7 W! v1 a- f 逆序法根据目标语使用者表达习惯与目标语读者的认知能力,按原文语序反向翻译,以便更好地传达原文的内容。 7 X+ k* I% e1 Y3 c/ \# ^6 Q5 C. d" F
例3 他经常做礼拜的时候,总坐在固定的座位上,可是那天他们发现他不坐在老地方。 7 ^8 J4 L3 Y4 e. `* h
请读者比较下面两句译文,你认为哪一句较好? " l( i, U+ ~- W8 H1 Y% t
译文1:When he attended worship, he always took a certain seat, but they found that he took a different one that day. 9 |- J2 c# N) @ j9 g
译文2:They remarked how he took a different seat from that which he usually occupied when he chose to attend worship.
5 y0 h% U# A" S) w; R- f3 k 两种译文都忠实传达了原文内容。第一种为顺序翻译,第二种为逆序翻译。第一种显得有些冗长拖沓,且前后简单句主语不一致(前半句主语为he,后半句主语是they),给人表述混乱之感。第二种由于采用了逆序法将原句意思用一个复合句表达出来,内容清晰,结构紧凑。 3 S- \2 l: R/ I& ^1 l, Q: J) c
顺序法和逆序法主要是针对翻译长句而言,六级新题型汉译英题不会涉及此类译法,但作为翻译策略之一,应有所了解。 4 M( w0 A9 w. |) ~. Y* X
Exercise Three
# J+ h1 {' ~& @+ c+ c 1.We wish to convey to you ________________ (我们衷心的祝贺).
9 v( p+ N; W! Q* k) l% E: r3 H: ?9 q 2. __________________(无论从哪一方面考虑),they ought to be given another chance.
/ x; u; m% A% K; J$ h 3. ________________(随着时间的流逝),.they forgot their bitter sufferings.
3 O$ m4 E u' D 4.We must _______________(使自己适应)the demands of our times; otherwise we’ll fall behind the other industrialized nations of the world. 2 I: }0 E, S9 ]% {
5.The number of the students in the city has ___________________ (增加了五倍) in comparison with 2001. 4 s9 {1 R3 M% d' c% o0 X K
1. our hearty congratulations 8 V/ d6 @7 a, S
解析:全句意为:我们希望向你表达我们衷心的祝福。主要考查词是"衷心的"。hearty 表示发自内心的,衷心的,亲切的,热烈的意思。如:a hearty welcome(热烈的欢迎);a hearty invitation(真诚的邀请);a hearty support(全力的支持。另外,"希望(做)某事"可以说成:wish to do sth./ wish + sth. 9 G9 q* y+ s" f$ L! \( x
2. Taking everything into consideration ( {' a' U, f- W& R9 `
解析:本题考查的是反面表达法。"无论从哪一方面考虑"即:方方面面都考虑到。"考虑"的短语表达有:take sth. into consideration /take sth. into account 。因为此句主句已给出,所以take应用现在分词的形式,在句中作原因状语。本句采用反译法,使译文符合英文表达习惯。 |