英语六级：综合改错题六

会计考友

四、非谓语动词使用错误
: K4 f# W: ?! L1 P- ?$ |7 W非谓语动词在六级综合改错里算是一个较为令人头疼的改错类型，它包括不定式、分词、动名词。六级改错中主要出现的是非谓语动词和主要谓语动词之间的混淆，具体分为以下两种情况：
4 D! _! W9 ]+ U, X+ U/ m① 分词，主要是现在分词和过去分词的误用，如： a puzzled question → a puzzling question ； an exciting girl → an excited girl 等。
4 s8 u6 ]- @9 x7 S' Z  l5 |$ r* P! P0 v② 动词非谓语形式做主语、宾语，有时需要 it 作形式主语或形式宾语。如： This is no good arguing with him.(This → it )
1 Q' P9 X& r" h* v4 @, H例1
6 V. h( |) \" C2 QThe idea that learn a foreign language is hard 1.__________
% J3 F3 q0 ]' w* Jwork is realized by every student.
分析句子结构可知：the idea是主语；is realized是谓语部分；that引导同位语从句。从句中learn a foreign language是主语，而learn是动词形式，应改为动名词“learning”。
5 ^0 L& G& y9 P% P例2
: ^# h0 N& V) ^- }; }( CFrom these unearthed bones scientists are able
to reconstruct the skeleton of the animal and from
& u! a9 G, i0 [5 j: k, r2 gthe reconstructing skeleton, they can obtain quite 1.__________
a good idea of its appearance.
“reconstructing”表示正在进行的动作，而根据原句可知，“skeleton”本身并不能发出这个动作，而应该为“reconstructed”，意为“the skeleton that is reconstructed”，这是过去分词作为定语。
* C( \; [0 M4 G+ \& i' t) b1 o! Q, @5 g例3
Lighthouses are set up to warn the passed ships 1.__________
# N4 m6 G2 i' t3 e2 ^2 W4 ~7 wof the dangers along the coast. Ancient people used
simple fire signal which could only mean “Danger!
Keep off”.
“passed ships”表示“已经过去的船只”，当然不可能再给予警告，这不符合逻辑，应该改为passing，意为“过往的船只”，此处现在分词作定语。
例4
But modern lighthouse also identifies itself in a
& b  q6 C! y7 R; m6 z2 Hcode knowing to all ships that pass by. Most of the 1.__________
# R/ n& w) @, s$ I; Emodern lighthouses have a revolving light that is
red and then green.
根据句意可知，这些代码所有的船只都知道，即“a code which is known to all ships”的省略形式，“knowing”表示“正在知道，了解”这个动作过程，显然不符合题意，故应该将knowing改为known。
非谓语动词的使用错误虽然不外乎不定式、分词（包括现在分词和过去分词）以及动名词三种类型，然而使用起来往往容易混淆，而且也不易区分，所以得分率通常都较低。
/ s5 V) l& f6 Q2 e! s; u练习题
1 Judging by today’s standards the techniques applied 1.__________
to the construction of these ancient palaces are highly
+ r$ }2 j4 K: M4 S, T7 ~5 S( T% Yadvanced.
) @. g: E; r- A( o# \2 TV has become an essential part of our daily life,
) S0 L* a; f4 O% C& T% H; fkeeping us informed of the news of the day. Comparing 2.__________
with other media of information and education, TV is
6 Y9 W# u: G1 d" }( y( A$ d* U4 ualmost unrivalled.
3 The characters being described in this TV play are 3.__________
2 K: F/ A! K% f' \4 R- tvery true to life, which may be the reason why it
touched a nation of audience.
4 There are a great many places of interest in this 4.__________
city. But the major attraction is a recently built
hotel which resembles a sailing ship when seeing
/ Q0 G! {2 i- F4 F% D+ ]/ qfrom a distance. No travelers leave the city without
- `- Y# K5 U" ]$ @; Kvisiting it.
; w1 \8 P" G: r6 v+ Z4 |- q5 The building built now at our school is the new 5.__________
6 ~  t( n* p8 g0 w0 L  Qlibrary.
6 A lighthouse must be high enough for its light
to see far away, but if it is too high, it has more 6.__________
6 m$ q' I) m! A8 S" J# r! x0 E: gpossibility to be destroyed by high wind; so it is
not always true to say that the higher it is the better.
, o( @* X- c/ w3 a  b1 R3 [  p7 Consider the great need for improving many 7.__________
8 [$ A5 h, A2 `/ \4 paspects of the global environment, one is surely
5 L8 e( `: V* [# e, L* {, \! M7 Ujustified in his concern for the money and resources
: F1 i2 u7 b% |/ y3 {+ Rthat are poured into the space exploration efforts.
8 The small college, however, generally provides
a limited number of courses and specializations,
# C7 {' ?9 W7 Q7 m1 ]) Lbut offers a better student-faculty radio, thus permit 8.__________
- ~" E- t7 o" @) g0 a: P0 nindividualized attention to students.
/ C. a& F7 b7 M9 The way space is used to enable the individual
to achieve privacy, to build homes or designing 9.__________
cities is culturally influenced.
+ J. U! f  \5 \2 ]% e10 But the fourth robber put him quite beside himself
by approaching him and asked what the dog 10.__________
cost him.

会计考友

答案解析：
6 _* q6 d; Q0 {# q  m9 X1.本题中应该将Judging改为Judged。该句主语为“the techniques”，其本身不能做出“judging”，而只能是“be judged”，原句的结构实际上是“when it is judged by today’s standards”的省略模式，所以应该将Judging改为Judged。注意首字母要大写。
* D" z, }5 c7 ^. d3 y! t& p- j- N6 K; j' U2.本题中应该将comparing改为compared。“comparing”表示主语所发出的动作，与其他事物进行比较，而根据句意，是将TV与其他媒体进行，所以应该是被动语态，完整结构是“when it is compared with other media of…”。
5 |' b1 I( i9 }6 @. ^3.本题中应该将being删去。“being+过去分词”表示正在进行的状态，而句子中没有指出是正在发生的动作，而是过去发生的事情（根据后面的动词touched可判断出是过去时），所以应该将being去掉。
4.本题中应该将seeing改为seen。原句的意思是“宾馆从远处看象一只航行中的船”，其完整结构是“…when it is seen from a distance”，船本身并不能发生“seeing”动作，只能是被动语态，故用seen。
# o, a% M% u+ N& }' `# K/ e5.本题中应该在building前加being。此句中有时间副词now，说明是正在进行的动作，故必须在前面加上现在分词being。
$ N; o5 p! m# b- R1 s2 ]6.本题中应该将see改为be seen。根据句意，“灯塔必须足够高，以使其灯光可以从远处看见”，完整的结构是“…to be seen by ships far away”。
) I: b; R3 P! D9 |& I$ ^8 o7.本题中应该将consider改为considering。在此句中，前部分“Consider the great need for improving many aspects of the global environment，”实为条件状语，完整结构为“If one consider… environment，”，其省略形式为将其谓语动词变为现在分词形式。
8.本题中应该将permit改为permitting。“thus”不是连词而是副词，表示前面事物所造成的结果，后面一般接现在分词，作状语成分。
9.本题中应该将designing改为design。此句中design承接前面不定式结构，省略介词to，实际上为“to build homes or to design cities”。
10.本题中应该将asked改为asking。此句中ask动作与approach并列，承接前面介词by，表示“通过……途径来实现”，故应该和前面保持一致，使用现在分词形式。