英语六级：综合改错题六

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四、非谓语动词使用错误
0 h, Q% {9 ~+ \, C6 O; L- ?/ [非谓语动词在六级综合改错里算是一个较为令人头疼的改错类型，它包括不定式、分词、动名词。六级改错中主要出现的是非谓语动词和主要谓语动词之间的混淆，具体分为以下两种情况：
( T5 G+ l  P" u* }① 分词，主要是现在分词和过去分词的误用，如： a puzzled question → a puzzling question ； an exciting girl → an excited girl 等。
② 动词非谓语形式做主语、宾语，有时需要 it 作形式主语或形式宾语。如： This is no good arguing with him.(This → it )
, c2 n: s2 x/ Q( m; X$ V例1
The idea that learn a foreign language is hard 1.__________
  n  T5 I% l& H) iwork is realized by every student.
: G, ?& O, z/ K0 K4 B分析句子结构可知：the idea是主语；is realized是谓语部分；that引导同位语从句。从句中learn a foreign language是主语，而learn是动词形式，应改为动名词“learning”。
, _# b% I- \. y2 @6 {' z, u例2
* {+ e1 D- R* x4 X# I( @) T* rFrom these unearthed bones scientists are able
to reconstruct the skeleton of the animal and from
( {) ^9 b+ u. `  z! H+ C/ qthe reconstructing skeleton, they can obtain quite 1.__________
a good idea of its appearance.
“reconstructing”表示正在进行的动作，而根据原句可知，“skeleton”本身并不能发出这个动作，而应该为“reconstructed”，意为“the skeleton that is reconstructed”，这是过去分词作为定语。
4 A# ^* K/ J+ w例3
2 J# V; ?7 V$ Z! C0 f6 iLighthouses are set up to warn the passed ships 1.__________
. D% y  B" E& v) n" [: |of the dangers along the coast. Ancient people used
% t; u6 d' r" c8 L4 U9 y* ?0 A" zsimple fire signal which could only mean “Danger!
* P+ R! }& K9 G# ~5 ?$ NKeep off”.
“passed ships”表示“已经过去的船只”，当然不可能再给予警告，这不符合逻辑，应该改为passing，意为“过往的船只”，此处现在分词作定语。
) d/ m+ _0 N& G  L. ]: N2 B) y例4
But modern lighthouse also identifies itself in a
code knowing to all ships that pass by. Most of the 1.__________
modern lighthouses have a revolving light that is
, ?1 Y$ m: e) p# _1 E1 j& B' K% Lred and then green.
% v/ o' t  S2 F% p: i$ J根据句意可知，这些代码所有的船只都知道，即“a code which is known to all ships”的省略形式，“knowing”表示“正在知道，了解”这个动作过程，显然不符合题意，故应该将knowing改为known。
. V4 `' ^3 {. @  e* T0 i; L非谓语动词的使用错误虽然不外乎不定式、分词（包括现在分词和过去分词）以及动名词三种类型，然而使用起来往往容易混淆，而且也不易区分，所以得分率通常都较低。
练习题
1 Judging by today’s standards the techniques applied 1.__________
to the construction of these ancient palaces are highly
6 n7 k) z3 ^) v1 A3 b! G+ F; badvanced.
2 TV has become an essential part of our daily life,
keeping us informed of the news of the day. Comparing 2.__________
& x, _* g" }: C8 R+ \' Nwith other media of information and education, TV is
almost unrivalled.
+ l& a9 Y" i* B6 A" l3 The characters being described in this TV play are 3.__________
very true to life, which may be the reason why it
* {. Z2 q+ ]! _1 g* e3 x' v1 ^9 Atouched a nation of audience.
4 There are a great many places of interest in this 4.__________
2 h) n6 H/ [( e+ j$ Gcity. But the major attraction is a recently built
! N) G$ }+ D+ ~8 v+ `hotel which resembles a sailing ship when seeing
from a distance. No travelers leave the city without
visiting it.
5 The building built now at our school is the new 5.__________
library.
6 A lighthouse must be high enough for its light
to see far away, but if it is too high, it has more 6.__________
. Z! k" e* E% \, h; w7 Q; |possibility to be destroyed by high wind; so it is
7 |2 [% P9 ]% Unot always true to say that the higher it is the better.
2 w. S2 W; a  P9 k5 v7 Consider the great need for improving many 7.__________
aspects of the global environment, one is surely
* A7 K+ o6 w7 Y7 Ljustified in his concern for the money and resources
' C$ {% f! i: ?4 P$ nthat are poured into the space exploration efforts.
8 The small college, however, generally provides
a limited number of courses and specializations,
# T; Y$ b3 H2 w0 jbut offers a better student-faculty radio, thus permit 8.__________
individualized attention to students.
2 s# X3 L4 c$ j8 n. [& S4 I9 The way space is used to enable the individual
7 a0 A# r/ t' l% H/ v- Wto achieve privacy, to build homes or designing 9.__________
cities is culturally influenced.
10 But the fourth robber put him quite beside himself
by approaching him and asked what the dog 10.__________
6 L5 m* L4 c$ T* P1 Q- t" }cost him.

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答案解析：
1.本题中应该将Judging改为Judged。该句主语为“the techniques”，其本身不能做出“judging”，而只能是“be judged”，原句的结构实际上是“when it is judged by today’s standards”的省略模式，所以应该将Judging改为Judged。注意首字母要大写。
+ u2 i& \1 \6 ~2 k, p! ~1 f2 d& c2.本题中应该将comparing改为compared。“comparing”表示主语所发出的动作，与其他事物进行比较，而根据句意，是将TV与其他媒体进行，所以应该是被动语态，完整结构是“when it is compared with other media of…”。
7 E9 \5 N- N) J. z& N) T1 P4 u7 e& W3.本题中应该将being删去。“being+过去分词”表示正在进行的状态，而句子中没有指出是正在发生的动作，而是过去发生的事情（根据后面的动词touched可判断出是过去时），所以应该将being去掉。
  l7 u. S! |2 y4.本题中应该将seeing改为seen。原句的意思是“宾馆从远处看象一只航行中的船”，其完整结构是“…when it is seen from a distance”，船本身并不能发生“seeing”动作，只能是被动语态，故用seen。
4 g; q" F$ V+ `6 i1 u$ v5.本题中应该在building前加being。此句中有时间副词now，说明是正在进行的动作，故必须在前面加上现在分词being。
% C2 a) ~, S. j2 I3 f( }6.本题中应该将see改为be seen。根据句意，“灯塔必须足够高，以使其灯光可以从远处看见”，完整的结构是“…to be seen by ships far away”。
7.本题中应该将consider改为considering。在此句中，前部分“Consider the great need for improving many aspects of the global environment，”实为条件状语，完整结构为“If one consider… environment，”，其省略形式为将其谓语动词变为现在分词形式。
8.本题中应该将permit改为permitting。“thus”不是连词而是副词，表示前面事物所造成的结果，后面一般接现在分词，作状语成分。
9.本题中应该将designing改为design。此句中design承接前面不定式结构，省略介词to，实际上为“to build homes or to design cities”。
10.本题中应该将asked改为asking。此句中ask动作与approach并列，承接前面介词by，表示“通过……途径来实现”，故应该和前面保持一致，使用现在分词形式。