本期重点： 平行结构 平行结构错误主要指在并列连接词and前后语法结构不对等、不平行。其它并列连词还有but, as well as, or, or else, both … and, neither … nor, either … or, not only … but (also)等可连接两个对等的词和对等的结构。% ~7 Y" T" m; c: ~# v
考点例析1 y( F9 N& l% |( I" H
1：Computeranalyzed marketing reports can help deciding
. p ~# H8 x3 o% U8 M( V which products to emphasize now,which to develop for
' v `3 b4 k- f5 @* {( W the future, and which to be dropped. ____________) R3 v7 ?8 t; [
解析：本句中三个平行成份which products to emphasize now, which to develop和which to be dropped结构模式应该一致，均采用不定式主动语态，因而to be dropped应改为to drop。(注：在四六级考试中，短文改错只能修改、删除或添加一个单词，不能同时改动两个。本例题旨在反映平行结构的语法性质。)7 j3 t' ]) g J% y" x
例2：At the heart of the NEA survey is the belief that our. f& ~9 D6 _7 z7 d) {: L! _1 Q
democratic System depends on leaders who can think, G, D3 L+ l7 _: }/ V, D: _
critically, analyze texts and writing clearly. ___________1 m& ^/ }" |6 V
解析：can后面有三个并列的谓语动词，因此writing应改成与think, analyze并列的动词原形write。) C& N7 b* `" e2 n: X; n
例3：Atrophy is a decrease in size of a cell, organ, tissues, or other part of the body. _______
0 Z) m* A4 b" R9 L: s' | 解析;：并列连词or连接四项名词结构，其中cell 和organ皆为单数形式，故tissues应改为单数tissue。, c2 V2 c4 k5 ]) B
巩固与拓展 : T' m \9 ? H8 c0 k( {
4 g7 h$ z# |7 N4 {& Y& u
1.A majority of the reports received from people claiming
; X2 ?; L z+ D: Q' R* V4 A( R- A to have seen the lengendaiy Loch Ness monster have: L, y+ ~' ~/ ~! K
proven to be mistakes, misconceptions, or tricked. ___________0 R$ \% d8 \9 R' q \% k. y5 f# x5 W
2. Your semester grade is based not only on how well you4 W0 u" X& P$ x' Z2 P6 @0 u
do on each test, but also how you participate in class. ___________# t0 a. W8 L; E
3. Modern sience was born when Galileo began trying to explain j* ?7 a+ c/ _% v) ^; x- i2 b
how things happen and thus originating the method of controlled __________; s" E; F" y& ]. i7 c7 S
experiment which now forms the basis of scientific investigation9 l- H* d% a0 _- q% W
4. Restrict your self to one or two pages, and listing ___________
\5 d7 W/ o$ R! E$ L/ u any publications or referees on a separate sheet.) w- e9 I, C: x5 M; K; r: q5 p1 }
5. The House proposal would have barred the federal, e/ z% ]9 Q" a
government from demanding library records, read lists, __________
- Z! v4 `: U2 U4 }. N book customer lists and other material in terrorism and0 _% w+ b/ o5 J0 G6 n4 O
intelligence investigations.
8 e% M9 W( v% @ I 综合改错
% Q6 n) }& _* b4 e- F" B% E% U The biggest safety threat facing airlines today may not be a terrorist7 H8 w8 `5 n5 F1 G7 P) o. M
With a gun, than the man with the portable computer in business class. 1._____
5 m- u# O7 C. a In the last 15 years, pilots report well over 100 incidents tha could 2. _____
; y7 M: p; l( ]% m3 q have been caused by electromagnetic interference. The source of this V( j+ L* m' N+ n8 C$ h
interference remains confirmed, but increasingly, experts are pointing the 3._____. t2 m# i# t" p7 N5 L+ ], Y
blame at portable electronic devices such as portable computers, radio and 4. _____1 x! s% t! B, x- {7 R
cassette players and mobile telephones.
1 r3 J/ K' w w9 } l1 ?4 y/ s/ v RTCA, an organization advertises the aviation industry, has 5. ______
# F, J0 t- w2 }' w: _ recommended that the airline bans such devices from 6.______
# b* z0 W, L' V used during “critical” stages of lignt, particularly take-off and landing. 7._______! Y( O+ v& i$ o8 U
Some experts have gone further, calling for a total ban during all flights.
! q$ G7 _% y; R+ K7 C1 \! @2 X2 K Currently, rules on using these devices are left up to individual airlines.1 {0 I9 e* R. Y* O/ R% N. c6 c
And although some airlines prohibit passengers from using such equipment5 k$ Z; F" g! l6 m6 b* T
during take-off and landing, most are willing to enforce a total ban, given 8. ______0 o! e$ L! T0 t4 @3 { j5 I
that many pasengers want to work during flights.
4 K; N/ ]8 x; w8 F" f ` The difficulty is predicting how electromagnetic fields may affect an
7 E' m& H6 \9 N' e5 y# T3 l4 E% x aircraft’s computers. Experts know that portable devices emit radiation
p) p* l" W, u" x7 f. r+ |1 k) c which affect those wavelength which craft use for navigation and 9.______
& @. l* G5 W3 b/ z9 _ communication. But , because they have not been able to reproduce+ L5 a( ]" c' E" b6 Q; x6 I
these effects in a laboratory, they have no way of knowing
0 W5 @1 L- |( t: O, z8 O whether the interference might be danger or not. 10.______
- l6 [. V7 ?& Y' F; i. M: i 参考答案及解析 $ @3 z. |/ Y5 F5 V
+ ?# P& D5 t% x8 t3 z, G
巩固与拓展. F1 m Q% j$ m; h
1. tricked -> tricks
3 j4 M7 `$ D' h* D1 }5 X8 J 并列连词or连接三项成分。前两项均为名词，故tricked应改为名词tricks与前面的mistakes和misconceptions平行。
3 @; |6 G: u' J 2. how前加on' u/ P7 [- E9 ]
3. originating -> originated- S/ m, T; {) X
And后面的thus说明并列句的第二部分是和前面的began对应，而非与trying对应。
5 e0 u- f, J0 s 4. listing -> list
4 y# I! [) i. d' G6 W' i, g6 ~ 这句是祈使句，list与前面的restrict并列。
$ A" S& d$ T# w7 O5 [/ D; b 5. read -> reading5 k/ R F9 M4 ?$ w
综合练习* X% b% C$ o4 x1 Q$ I$ v. G- n
1. than -> but+ g. b( c( p( c8 D4 I/ J: ~
此处为固定句式not…but…，此句大意为“最大的飞行隐患不是持枪的恐怖分子，而是商务舱中携带手提电脑的人。”
& u4 A2 o* g, ^# @' m/ {, i9 K- a 2. report-> reported; \7 g9 p) \# y4 S
该句子的时间状语是In the last 15 years表明其基本时态是一般过去时。
1 ~ Q; ^" r3 a" B 3. confirmed -> unconfirmed& _! c5 C5 o q# n. [( N( y* [/ t
根据上下文，电脑对飞机影响的原因还不大清楚，故使用unconfirmed。
& n0 Q3 ^! @7 M. } 4. radio -> radios
3 c7 B: C) B7 P& C. j2 `' ] 5. organization后加which
# v5 ]. U/ i: Z4 f' I 本句主语是RTCA，谓语是has recommended，中间的an organization advertises the aviation industry是RTCA的同位语，所以advertises the aviation industry应该是做定语修饰organization。故在organization后加which。
$ P) P# d; ~8 R& J6 e4 g 6. bans -> ban) o4 c, g# c8 }
recommend后面的宾语从句要使用虚拟语气，形式为(should) + v，should可省略。
# A# }+ V1 p5 M- n 7. used前加being
: a6 W( D( i2 y* K: T# } From是介词，后面不能直接使用过去分词used，如果要表示相同的意思，要是用动名词形式才行。又因为devices与use之间是被动关系，所以应该加上being。1 g3 s/ c7 O' F2 p
8. willing -> unwilling / reluctant或在willing前加not/ [1 k# @, m% l
此句的正确意思是：尽管一些航空公司禁止乘客在飞机起飞和着陆时使用那些电子产品，但由于许多乘客很想在飞行时继续办公，所以很多航空公司也不愿意彻底实施禁令。- c8 ^& M1 H- N7 S8 z- Q$ r1 V
9.affect -> affects
' F6 I, @& J+ N: d2 F* b 定语从句先行词radiation是单数，从句的谓语动词也要用单数。* p# J# [3 d: ?% _+ `# E) Q, r! P
10. danger -> dangerous |
发表于 2012-8-14 10:46:58
