本期重点： 平行结构 平行结构错误主要指在并列连接词and前后语法结构不对等、不平行。其它并列连词还有but, as well as, or, or else, both … and, neither … nor, either … or, not only … but (also)等可连接两个对等的词和对等的结构。5 S* o- x0 ]$ Z( d0 v5 ~+ y1 X& W1 E' P
考点例析
# R y4 H' u, k+ g) t 1：Computeranalyzed marketing reports can help deciding
. g* c( B( w) Z' S; T6 N5 w which products to emphasize now,which to develop for- U0 f# L* C5 T9 M: q( ]5 a4 @
the future, and which to be dropped. ____________
4 T) |8 z7 x# f' J 解析：本句中三个平行成份which products to emphasize now, which to develop和which to be dropped结构模式应该一致，均采用不定式主动语态，因而to be dropped应改为to drop。(注：在四六级考试中，短文改错只能修改、删除或添加一个单词，不能同时改动两个。本例题旨在反映平行结构的语法性质。)2 M4 ~3 y% {) E* k9 @( a7 i2 L& ]
例2：At the heart of the NEA survey is the belief that our) C, K0 Y- P! }0 F+ t. k* ^6 F
democratic System depends on leaders who can think
9 V5 W1 \+ w) W( T$ D& u critically, analyze texts and writing clearly. ___________% t1 Q9 p: d3 n7 {, d
解析：can后面有三个并列的谓语动词，因此writing应改成与think, analyze并列的动词原形write。
% }: }, w0 @, M# y, O" g4 U 例3：Atrophy is a decrease in size of a cell, organ, tissues, or other part of the body. _______
( V9 m7 p2 Z- g% } 解析;：并列连词or连接四项名词结构，其中cell 和organ皆为单数形式，故tissues应改为单数tissue。. U/ {( x4 X- j9 }
巩固与拓展 ! h5 m% I- o% ?: g) q4 I
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1.A majority of the reports received from people claiming
( ~$ F3 {+ W* @ to have seen the lengendaiy Loch Ness monster have
$ R% v$ x1 }& O+ M: I3 x, [ proven to be mistakes, misconceptions, or tricked. ___________2 W$ E. x" _2 u9 X% d& [
2. Your semester grade is based not only on how well you: \. E1 q4 }$ W) m
do on each test, but also how you participate in class. ___________
% i5 t( a. v- ?* R9 a2 g9 t 3. Modern sience was born when Galileo began trying to explain
; u6 I/ T* T9 S/ @9 N1 c" T& V8 G5 E how things happen and thus originating the method of controlled __________
+ u9 I0 M: I' |* h; x( \5 v* `. \0 q experiment which now forms the basis of scientific investigation
) H0 t9 Q1 A: K) ]2 S 4. Restrict your self to one or two pages, and listing ___________
! j5 G3 ]8 l6 ?# ?0 X0 q any publications or referees on a separate sheet.
% u" [+ r8 q5 k9 l 5. The House proposal would have barred the federal
/ ?# M+ f2 {$ ^7 b3 F1 Q% z government from demanding library records, read lists, __________+ A7 ~, U% s; ?* c1 k. \
book customer lists and other material in terrorism and
! G# L. x1 Z; H; X# D intelligence investigations.4 j; u( f$ f7 L2 Q o
综合改错
1 @0 R: p; e+ F) X3 W& A The biggest safety threat facing airlines today may not be a terrorist
4 f# z- L/ L- j; |: ~* V! b With a gun, than the man with the portable computer in business class. 1._____$ H; q- z5 K$ o6 D% B! b1 q& c" u
In the last 15 years, pilots report well over 100 incidents tha could 2. _____% M) ~2 J7 K, `8 J: B: k: Y) o$ k
have been caused by electromagnetic interference. The source of this- c' c0 G9 P5 s' a% n2 |! L' S# ?
interference remains confirmed, but increasingly, experts are pointing the 3._____4 V, X* q* @* S: X+ x: t
blame at portable electronic devices such as portable computers, radio and 4. _____
9 p% k# L$ z9 S" w% M cassette players and mobile telephones.0 q6 f( h m8 C8 M+ R7 m z& Q
RTCA, an organization advertises the aviation industry, has 5. ______
0 @8 d6 j0 A; W' a- y2 L' F( z recommended that the airline bans such devices from 6.______
5 W& P4 r- I. ^# q' h$ g* w4 ^ used during “critical” stages of lignt, particularly take-off and landing. 7._______
0 d) Y6 D; D, x6 _1 Q$ C" Z1 s Some experts have gone further, calling for a total ban during all flights.
+ x0 R; }+ Q* Y4 A4 P Currently, rules on using these devices are left up to individual airlines.
# H1 j' \1 W g& D9 C) O And although some airlines prohibit passengers from using such equipment
6 F! I/ y6 s; |7 D during take-off and landing, most are willing to enforce a total ban, given 8. ______0 @- V0 a0 I5 f, S! }6 B+ @
that many pasengers want to work during flights.
- u1 o G3 U+ e, B/ I The difficulty is predicting how electromagnetic fields may affect an0 `! h2 B$ w0 }5 S3 |
aircraft’s computers. Experts know that portable devices emit radiation
% V) j8 T1 G0 J6 |1 K* b8 r which affect those wavelength which craft use for navigation and 9.______5 f+ y: M- L* S; m; D0 p/ J$ p
communication. But , because they have not been able to reproduce) T6 U1 Z0 o; Z+ z6 m
these effects in a laboratory, they have no way of knowing
7 e B$ P3 ^' ?+ q: q7 i whether the interference might be danger or not. 10.______* p0 W8 R' I4 K6 f
参考答案及解析 ( G1 F% d$ } W- k
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巩固与拓展
' _5 b+ O, r& s% a 1. tricked -> tricks
i- ^6 c) J5 \6 e 并列连词or连接三项成分。前两项均为名词，故tricked应改为名词tricks与前面的mistakes和misconceptions平行。
) p! [; D/ J2 N' N 2. how前加on2 ~# w3 ^& c. t3 H- V
3. originating -> originated( G" a' {/ P& ?0 H' S* [1 B
And后面的thus说明并列句的第二部分是和前面的began对应，而非与trying对应。
+ \8 H; e% C, z0 Z 4. listing -> list) c7 Y8 ?: A: y5 t+ r
这句是祈使句，list与前面的restrict并列。
+ a* c! o! r9 N$ A 5. read -> reading
' t6 h& g% L, c. F% ^ 综合练习
6 I! E; d8 D( d+ }6 G4 @ 1. than -> but
) Q" q" Z/ ~8 |; U( k: v 此处为固定句式not…but…，此句大意为“最大的飞行隐患不是持枪的恐怖分子，而是商务舱中携带手提电脑的人。”
8 D# S$ ]- _ L# p 2. report-> reported5 V! f7 y, l T8 C1 B
该句子的时间状语是In the last 15 years表明其基本时态是一般过去时。: Q0 J2 P7 `8 R
3. confirmed -> unconfirmed
" S7 ^$ `0 S5 I0 ~0 ? 根据上下文，电脑对飞机影响的原因还不大清楚，故使用unconfirmed。1 L Y+ a" d5 L B' C8 w0 @
4. radio -> radios
: }& p2 _1 S: U- F* y* X 5. organization后加which
" e6 |. O t! u) _+ E& h. ~0 P+ S 本句主语是RTCA，谓语是has recommended，中间的an organization advertises the aviation industry是RTCA的同位语，所以advertises the aviation industry应该是做定语修饰organization。故在organization后加which。: l3 v$ \+ ?7 i8 n; z7 l8 d
6. bans -> ban) ]& _- h; c( o; D6 J
recommend后面的宾语从句要使用虚拟语气，形式为(should) + v，should可省略。$ y* m! @7 z6 L) |# t: J2 h O/ D
7. used前加being2 Q. P$ O/ r; m' G5 x9 O
From是介词，后面不能直接使用过去分词used，如果要表示相同的意思，要是用动名词形式才行。又因为devices与use之间是被动关系，所以应该加上being。
, N7 V% j% l4 E, s) s+ f0 D 8. willing -> unwilling / reluctant或在willing前加not6 X" A+ |4 }( o' A
此句的正确意思是：尽管一些航空公司禁止乘客在飞机起飞和着陆时使用那些电子产品，但由于许多乘客很想在飞行时继续办公，所以很多航空公司也不愿意彻底实施禁令。
6 _0 A' X2 U; X2 d 9.affect -> affects Q% z6 f( D& A$ s3 e1 _
定语从句先行词radiation是单数，从句的谓语动词也要用单数。. H" f8 F+ \9 C1 W. c
10. danger -> dangerous |
发表于 2012-8-14 10:46:58
