名词方面主要考查的是名词的单复数形式(例1、4)。此时要注意的是一些词加s后意思就有可能改变,例如:paper(纸)papers(试卷)、safe(安全的)safes(保险箱)、glass(玻璃)glasses(眼镜)、wood(木材)woods(树林)、work(工作)works(作品)等。还有一些特殊的复合名词也要注意,例如father-in-law 改成复数形式是fathers-in-law。 1 a% m" s3 r+ v4 E
考点解析:
( z7 J3 H0 W; n8 D6 [* @2 q 例1:Operating within Seattle, which has 20 percents racial S2__________, c- \1 R* h1 I/ P
minorities, the paper has put into place policies.; }8 L! H m |: S0 c
解析:在表达“百分之几”时,只需用基数词加上单数percent即可。
; J2 B7 m1 D; s5 k3 J. h 例2:In addition, the paper instituted a content
3 s; B; f* J9 o4 @* A! k audit (审查) that evaluates the frequency and manner of
8 E6 A! V% w: C% l( j3 j7 O+ l/ r representation of woman and people of color in photographs S7._________. Y' w# d' r3 g* k. n/ e
解析:不定冠词a(n)或定冠词the加上单数个体名词可以指一类事物,若不用冠词,则名词须为复数。此处woman与people并列作为of 的宾语,由于people是集体名词,单数形式表复数意义,从平衡角度出发,应该将woman改为women。0 x( Y& x# m* Y
例3:Words came that the missing boy had been found. 1.__________
* f7 C$ {: e: x* i5 E9 E 解析:word为当可数名词时,意思为“(某人所说的)话”,当其为不可数名词时,意思为“消息”。根据句意,本题中word应改为“消息”的意思,所以应该把Words改为Word。; Z0 [! B: Z) ?5 j
例4:They spent over a million year evolving as co-operative hunters. S5.__________1 l* P2 q8 e- `) T
解析:year是可数名词,而且前面又有a million 修饰,所以要用复数。6 B9 z& O' t8 x' y
巩固与拓展8 r) R$ {4 J5 m; _0 L: v
1.There are majorities of teachers who have a lot of teaching experiences in my school.9 k" _% N$ H* j0 B/ t* v
__________
+ H$ H0 U0 @3 J: g 2. In some schools there are special woman teachers teaching girl students. __________
' g& ~% D. r5 p' T0 F/ h 3. According to psychologists, there are three factors accounting for this phenomena. __________
* [. |, r' i) A 4. There is so much voice outside that I can’t concentrate on my study and thinking. _________
- M4 y7 z8 [. Q. Y4 N" Y7 L, l 5.Culture is composed of nonmaterial culture abstract creations like values, beliefs,
, V- T! o. ]0 z* Q3 P' \( ] customs and institutional arrangements - and material culture - physical object like ________: Q# b2 {* R( A% B
cooking pots, computers and bathtubs.
$ r! w5 Q0 n% f% x8 O- a 综合练习 ' ~8 A- C" y7 |* d8 z- w7 }
If you smoke and you still don’t believe that there’s a definite link
' d/ k7 A0 x7 m* u between smoke and troubles, heart disease and lung cancer, 1. _____6 H: s! A4 M6 Q. O
and you are certainly deceiving yourself. No one will accuse you 2.___
1 O2 E5 o4 b7 K0 Z0 Z with hypocrisy. Let us just say that you are suffering from a bad case of 3.______
, W. @. A% k R _ wishful thinking. This needn’t make you too uncomfortable because you are
. z& z3 V' M+ `+ ?/ B0 w in a good company. Whenever the subject of smoking and health is 4.___* Y5 }- {$ W8 g9 K1 C/ `: D
raised, the governments of most countries hear no evil, see no evil and
2 N: M# t+ F: y4 z! n# u9 J smell no evil. Admittedly, a few governments have not taken timid 5.______5 k0 M1 J/ E+ {( q# |) Z
measures. In Britain for instance, cigarette advertising has been banned on
8 r3 e/ E9 `. c7 e5 q8 W8 j television. The conscience of the nation is appeased, while the population8 q* s6 W+ Z, G% H% w- M8 T% S. k
continues to puff its way to smoky, cancerous death.6 z7 _2 i/ s% B3 X4 W5 W
You don’t have to look very far to find out that the official reactions 6._____
# ^& H% d9 R+ V& e0 n2 A to medical findings have been so lukewarm. The answer is simple money. 7._______
) H1 v( P `/ x- s7 t/ \ Tobacco is a wonderful commodity to tax. It’s almost like a tax on) w6 d1 z0 Z$ z0 k+ y( Y4 Z
our daily bread. In tax revenue lonely, the government of Britain 8.______ ~; a: \/ X/ J* k% c5 w! e! v
collect enough from smokers to pay for its entirely educational facilities. 9._____ J" i8 N$ Z7 }2 d
So while the authorities point out ever so discreetly that smoking may,
0 R- m. S8 \ |5 \ conceivably, harmful, it doesn’t do to shout too loudly about it. 10.______
) h9 f! ?/ d; @$ [2 w# f参考答案及解析:# |* z* p, F5 H. [/ ?
巩固与拓展
3 o- c- `" c3 D. y% m! j ~ 1.experiences -> experience/ B( q5 ?- }/ V0 s2 A1 n
当experience为可数名词时,意思是“经历”,当为不可数名词时,意思为“经验”。根据句子的意思,应该是“教学经验”。
$ L7 G: @8 C1 Q1 _ 2.woman -> women
0 c8 W- P* J& t3 l 由man、woman、lord构成的复合名词应前后两个词都变为复数形式。7 W5 b( ^! ^- I1 C: Y5 j0 i4 h& X" m' ]
3.phenomena -> phenomenon 或this -> these: Y- P4 B! F* D, T6 k7 h# t
phenomena是phenomenon 的复数形式。前面有this修饰,应该用单数。/ ]7 R3 a6 X/ q) Q4 ^' h
4.voice -> noise, R8 f# q2 b! x
voice意思是“(人的)声音”,而noise指的是噪声。$ W0 O1 O5 Q+ D! W: s H
5.object -> objects8 ?3 A0 a* @4 A6 J1 k% S- p
综合练习
4 @' m+ O" h0 F- A6 y6 ]$ S1 [ 1.smoke -> smoking
$ p( B7 Z% C" w& k1 w" Z8 c
% z8 m# o# t1 O& \ V, { smoke作名词时意为“烟雾”,作动词时意为“吸烟”。此处指吸烟和肺部疾病的关系 |