Test Five! X3 j3 [) M- R. E% L
0 Y) s' t( G6 }( _
be+不定式结构
/ P. @) h' V: k$ b7 ^. P 表示按计划、安排即将发生的动作。例如:$ |9 [0 n; ?1 `9 T& @/ H1 N' J
There’s to be an investigation.; K2 D( l% G5 m: N+ p+ b4 ?
I am to have tea with Betty this afternoon.- n t2 u! n2 m8 l+ U! |
这一结构常见于报纸和广播,用以宣布官方的计划或决定。例如:
9 s4 P/ U6 f% z( J4 H7 W The Queen is to visit Japan next year.9 q* v: w( T! H0 l; @
二是表示命令、禁止或可能性等。例如:% z8 \* V I2 c* C9 C* w& y
You are to stand here. Do you understand?
0 E2 l z8 D+ S, Z$ I Tell her she’s not to be back late. L/ a- i* U( A
一般现在时也可表达将来时间,常见于条件状
0 X' `4 ]( b& X& |% d. i 语和时间状语从句。例如:
2 [, ~; z- e! l% X/ l: J! N If she comes, I’ll tell her all about it.( m) e I& D/ `9 n" A6 V
Wait here till the meeting is over.
5 X6 b1 k- g7 }/ ?. G; M0 o; n It won’t be long before the rain stops.
% n$ L% Y. N# x+ n+ w& J* Y 近义词辨析
. s, Q" g/ ~; u# m9 _ r0 k1 @0 F2 W begin, commence, initiate, launch, start
/ f) X$ c% \& K6 C7 `. u3 N 这组词均含有“开始”的意思。
5 ^+ h/ j9 q, c; @, E begin1 D2 F+ _$ b6 {3 d" ~& V
在这组词中最常用,泛指开始做某事。但口语中近年来start用得较多。
/ o' I' C; E3 B% }- m2 m& u The band began to play joyful music.乐队开始演奏欢快的音乐。
/ E% ]4 U# f; j- n commence$ c5 \" L: D! s0 a- C
比begin用法正式。在宗教或其它仪式及军事用语中人们倾向用commence.
7 ?2 G) O5 H* V/ |5 i) o6 a The officer ordered the soldiers to commence the attack.军官命令士兵开始进攻。( t3 S- E2 S( F8 U
initiate
- V0 C; @4 J2 V 指进程中的第一步,与何时停止或结束没有关系。) }/ A3 n$ X) ` D s
The government has initiated a new reform program.政府启动了新的改革方案。
+ b! {$ \* O5 { d# h launch/ E8 D$ ~* ]% ]1 `# { T$ F. U
指开始或着手一项活动、计划等大规模或声势浩大的行动,行动前或行动中有一定的宣传鼓动。 Z: H. q$ p/ t0 Z
The company will launch an advertising compaign to introduce its new product.那个公司要发起广告攻势推出自己的新产品。
& n: q9 P0 p; w" Q Start
( J9 m/ T; d9 c! S8 t, o 与stop构成反义用法,指从一特定地点出发,由静止或等待状态开始做某事。在口语中常可代替begin。/ D2 w0 T/ l" P3 ]: \9 J
They started operations at once.他们马上开始行动。
( |( l. h5 u, ]- I5 v 全真模拟试题
. P3 j* C. } x! O8 L5 Q, y! M 1. ____ in the past, at the moment it is a favorite
( T! G2 n% t% ] choice for wedding gown.- k% k7 s2 \! y# Z- v
A. Unpopular has as white been - }/ X G) W' X- o6 u. }; Z
B. White has been as unpopular
4 P2 I3 s' A% w( X: ] C. Unpopular has been as white % q% V* ]3 B2 b" V R9 s
D. Unpopular as white has been
. |/ v$ e, V( s 2. ____ for a long time, the fields are all dried up# H5 k7 S, x B- ]; B
.
1 n: U% q9 F7 U$ D: d/ `* e, K A. There has been no rain
) u# ^* A. d, T/ a' J% k2 r B. Having no rain 6 T' d7 h/ |5 a" `! z
C. There having been no rain
- y1 F) E. J3 }8 o- i D. There being no rain7 s* P2 j, v4 n
3. The millions of calculations involved, ____ by ha
+ ?: e; C ^7 Y4 f# w2 @ nd, would have lost all practical value by the time they were finished.
4 d" k& y8 ~" Y$ o3 `6 D+ K8 D A. had they been done ( t9 Z+ d6 k0 W4 _$ w" @
B. they had been done 0 S6 d5 ^% z) F# O
C. having been done
1 J+ q1 \/ S ^7 |: F0 c" ?3 t D. they were done
3 t4 Y& m) o i: }2 l2 b3 Y' e 4. Televisions enable us to see things happen almost at the exact moment* d- p8 o# s& A2 c8 \
____.1 e+ x# u# w4 N, i
A. which they are happening
; u$ C+ w0 U4 t B. they are happening
) Y! Y6 C2 `0 ?- n( x3 r* } C. which they happen 0 |2 [$ ^! g! a* E# G
D. they have happened1 Z" X$ V6 V! O. G
5. ____ me most was that the young boy who had lost
5 q, `8 A0 n: \0 X3 C- k/ ` both arms in an accident could handle a pen with his feet.
; B9 w( i) t' C+ G/ u8 |: _ A. That amazed B. It amazed" v z x2 P3 A7 e k7 u
C. Which amazed D. What amazed5 g, t- z J# v
6. Although she wrote a lot of short stories and poems when she was very/ c' y/ A5 _$ w6 J% i' B
young, ____ she was twentyfive.
( }. s, Z) ]: S# S$ t A. her first real success did not come until
& L+ G0 H% _1 V B. her real first success came until not, `6 K) I& H: V3 h# R
C. since her first real success did not come until
/ n5 r0 F9 J, I1 ? D. not until her first real success
/ ]+ p4 m) J: A 7. You should know better than ____ your little sis
" U; U" m/ W3 m, G, l7 h' U- Y ter at home by herself.
1 S @ y8 R% ^% i6 K+ ? A. to leave B. leaving C. to have left D. left3 u8 V( \; `! n; R2 H
8. As the train will not leave until one hour later, we ____
, J+ m' }- B9 o grab a bite at the snack bar.- c& k3 ^' L5 ^7 `
A. may well B. just as well
+ ?) R0 J7 T; H0 H C. might as well D. as well9 r, {, ]$ M- s! a
9. She resorted to ____ when she had no money to buy
; q, o: \0 F& F8 M3 G! J, l. W6 o foods for her children.
3 j% z% s9 D$ b7 [2 C1 D% U4 f A. have stolen B. steal C. stole D. stealing: @& {0 t9 U! b, ^/ C
10. The boy has admitted to ____ the window while pl$ r& F$ d8 u' H' Z
aying football yesterday./ _# ?+ E* v* p9 z" j5 e, E
A. breaking B. having been broken
6 E& j9 s; p2 X2 m2 \$ F
& |0 a, N9 ^1 }3 k8 U2 b. i I C. break D. be breaking |