Test Five" R( u2 i) _ S# z
8 O1 k1 |& C. z: H C8 J be+不定式结构
O' ^0 B# l# h# |6 O 表示按计划、安排即将发生的动作。例如:- M" d! V6 s9 q( j" x+ k& ~- ?
There’s to be an investigation.
: @; l4 o* u% c( `: V) |3 R I am to have tea with Betty this afternoon.
! z" t* y& s: a% D3 M; X& d 这一结构常见于报纸和广播,用以宣布官方的计划或决定。例如:
+ s- L9 h5 p& \( c# i* m2 @6 p The Queen is to visit Japan next year.1 h: |. _) r9 m. b& C
二是表示命令、禁止或可能性等。例如:+ M) F3 \# b2 Y
You are to stand here. Do you understand?& b, s3 {# F- M6 H8 h* {3 w" B. I" a0 o
Tell her she’s not to be back late.' m4 D3 d1 T8 [. G. U0 y; Y# w
一般现在时也可表达将来时间,常见于条件状1 d9 q6 E6 r) Z6 n% _; d
语和时间状语从句。例如:( J" I8 u4 [( A) @- L. n, J
If she comes, I’ll tell her all about it., [3 S6 ~8 y6 z2 Y9 k
Wait here till the meeting is over.1 H |% q! o8 f/ D; T1 [7 u$ L
It won’t be long before the rain stops.9 P5 @0 w8 K- o; m
近义词辨析% }1 l' H: L; W6 r. e4 U4 Z$ k( h
begin, commence, initiate, launch, start0 v8 {2 [6 N& [& ]
这组词均含有“开始”的意思。
* l$ d! r7 X, \, J3 A, n begin( Y- q( ]& D$ n9 m: |; D
在这组词中最常用,泛指开始做某事。但口语中近年来start用得较多。
& R+ V; j" A" V. Y; o The band began to play joyful music.乐队开始演奏欢快的音乐。) Q- j% f' ~ m( N) o" P
commence1 @' C; K/ A" A# A$ O- `! G
比begin用法正式。在宗教或其它仪式及军事用语中人们倾向用commence.+ n8 M: h) P/ w5 S
The officer ordered the soldiers to commence the attack.军官命令士兵开始进攻。
$ Q8 j" ` O& K& y1 P' o initiate
4 l' ^& E% @0 a: X- W6 f# e8 ~9 { 指进程中的第一步,与何时停止或结束没有关系。
2 ^. Z1 S5 N( [- a The government has initiated a new reform program.政府启动了新的改革方案。
7 H- |; y1 m, R; m3 J. a0 w launch
. S1 Q1 q8 W" Z7 l3 e' L; w 指开始或着手一项活动、计划等大规模或声势浩大的行动,行动前或行动中有一定的宣传鼓动。
" B& t7 M2 k! ?8 d1 d6 z The company will launch an advertising compaign to introduce its new product.那个公司要发起广告攻势推出自己的新产品。% C4 K" G9 [2 n7 ?9 W
Start/ L& V0 `# s, H; m
与stop构成反义用法,指从一特定地点出发,由静止或等待状态开始做某事。在口语中常可代替begin。
( v2 c6 k" m2 Z/ t They started operations at once.他们马上开始行动。) _2 c; ~2 ~8 A! y# O0 }8 L
全真模拟试题: r3 Q: ]7 i/ L% n- E6 C
1. ____ in the past, at the moment it is a favorite
/ ^5 O2 j8 I8 e. b; T choice for wedding gown.
' e; P' c( L7 L6 @- d A. Unpopular has as white been
2 o9 x4 k9 }" p& @9 m; ^ B. White has been as unpopular: j" [( t; w: m9 w) w
C. Unpopular has been as white
! \9 H8 I% w& ?$ C, P D. Unpopular as white has been7 N& @" M! a( Y; e3 d& a3 _
2. ____ for a long time, the fields are all dried up
9 T: g% U! r$ o4 u. E u .) T, c4 B( K3 L1 b5 Q' M
A. There has been no rain
6 |, X% r: O7 ` I& Q; ? B. Having no rain . |& `. u9 d, S/ o
C. There having been no rain
" J" A7 `0 q7 L) l# H. j, e D. There being no rain; w6 a1 }, }: \& v" T
3. The millions of calculations involved, ____ by ha5 Z6 R& Y! M. O$ J9 F. [- G
nd, would have lost all practical value by the time they were finished.( }, i! K1 \1 Q, F' S
A. had they been done , b8 s1 f, Q+ C+ R" R; r
B. they had been done
2 A, U) g0 e$ l" ]5 O C. having been done
$ U# ?3 @; p9 u5 y$ R% ^1 f' Z D. they were done
( A2 L* p* a5 ^# v- D 4. Televisions enable us to see things happen almost at the exact moment1 b3 S7 P: Q& A% v8 ]" x0 |& F: W
____.: u3 M3 u- V* R: ]% Q& T; V
A. which they are happening
( J# g0 n9 e3 v7 e H- `! J B. they are happening
4 @- e- h. R# j2 F$ c. R8 G2 o C. which they happen
5 b$ |. H, e i; F7 h D. they have happened, D+ ?7 t- I e
5. ____ me most was that the young boy who had lost1 N4 k. ?0 z+ H* H4 e5 D4 l# U8 L
both arms in an accident could handle a pen with his feet.
# [8 h( ?0 v0 Z7 Z3 Y% c- T A. That amazed B. It amazed8 G% Z; o9 i6 m, Z% Z
C. Which amazed D. What amazed' j6 S2 a% b8 o0 H* w
6. Although she wrote a lot of short stories and poems when she was very, W7 w* c; q* v: R& @ j6 L
young, ____ she was twentyfive.
8 |7 \) A* H0 m- G* p A. her first real success did not come until
7 |: {* |+ H; z4 I B. her real first success came until not4 @: C- h, M2 n# |4 ~# [2 V
C. since her first real success did not come until
5 d w. y" E7 G D. not until her first real success4 r4 Q1 }+ G$ `# z0 Z. Y. V
7. You should know better than ____ your little sis
6 w9 |4 h( g8 N( {5 I t- M* j# ]- _: e ter at home by herself./ O$ J" x; x# C7 c7 k! ]6 t7 Y6 m
A. to leave B. leaving C. to have left D. left* k+ d3 Y/ K9 E4 e3 h3 X1 k1 r
8. As the train will not leave until one hour later, we ____+ G' L; A9 r& D/ B( P, i
grab a bite at the snack bar.: ?( r$ k% \+ Z7 R; [( i
A. may well B. just as well ( q1 [ S& |1 k9 C
C. might as well D. as well% a- O `0 A4 L8 k2 N* H0 i( j" t( q
9. She resorted to ____ when she had no money to buy) I0 Y/ D4 A. _7 |4 n; C
foods for her children.
" H+ v! e8 J9 F) c2 a A. have stolen B. steal C. stole D. stealing4 S$ b5 T ^- B( ~0 V2 N
10. The boy has admitted to ____ the window while pl
$ a7 Q- x) v4 J/ j( z a6 a" i- D aying football yesterday.. w* G6 D2 A& R4 D
A. breaking B. having been broken 7 }* l5 e' X; E4 K
5 |$ j" d6 s$ Q: \- O: |# D C. break D. be breaking |