二、在表示建议、命令、要求、忠告等动词的后面的宾语从句中的虚拟语气. ]6 Y* m8 B7 n! Z
由于这些动词本身隐含说话者的主观意见,认为某事应该或不应该怎样,这些词语后面的“that”从句应用虚拟语气,且均以“should+动词原形”表示这种语气,但事实上“should”常被省略,故此从句中谓语动词用原形,常用的此类动词有:
, x& Z; O3 b2 D! _ 表示“要求”的:ask, desire, request, demand, require, beg
7 ~& H t3 W$ O! C 表示“提议、劝告、建议”的:move, prpose, suggest, recommend, advise, vote$ c& P; a1 w( [' _# M
表示“决定、命令”的:decide, order
& _6 r. Q3 m# {# A- z2 r 表示“主张”的:maintain, urge
1 Q( K8 d" V& i( Y 表示“同意、坚持”的:consent, insist
8 w6 M5 `6 t& B4 t. q+ i 例如:
% D- o W1 G5 s$ a4 N4 `4 p+ M 1.The doctor suggested that he (should) try to lose his weight.( N* u6 C# ?) H$ i: A* j
2.He insisted that we (should ) tell him the news.
8 s8 B" q/ C3 b- B1 k 3.When I suggested that he try shaving cream, he said, “The razor and water do the job. ”(当我建议他用刮胡膏时,他说“剃刀和水就行了”。)
7 f5 |' H: M4 F/ A9 u 4.He pursued various theories for several days until I suggested we take the toy apart to see how it did work. (他费了几天功夫寻找理论根据,直到我建议拆开看看它是如何转动的。)
w* D' J. {% J. ] 5.One can suggest that students should spend two or three years in an Englishspeaking country. (我们建议学生应在说英语的国家呆上两三年。)2 F/ [0 J& {. [( v2 \% t2 z
在表示命令、建议、要求等一类动词后面的从句中虚拟语气很普遍,其结构如:
7 C8 c8 z4 @4 ] order, suggest, propose, require, demand, request, insist, command, insist +... (should) do# ^0 g- G; D4 c2 f' [7 G6 F
6.I suggest that we (should) hold a meeting next week.9 \- o9 \) n3 m' L) _
7.He insisted that he (should ) be sent there.
2 @# l# g0 i5 u% Y' J' n& @3 G; U 但注意:在insist 后的从句中, 如果是坚持自己, 用陈述语气, 坚持别人做什么事情, 用虚拟语气.' n9 I' N% I9 N4 n' i" M6 K* f7 m
8.she insists that she is right.
* c' J# _% E0 g, |, q% ~# j 9.she insisted that I should finish the work at once.
8 L* @; D% ~. U' ]2 f 或者说,suggest, insist不表示建议或坚持要某人做某事时,即它们用于其本意暗示、表明、坚持认为时,宾语从句用陈述语气。
3 _# j% Q* E8 I) j4 u$ L 10.The guard at gate insisted that everybody obey the rules.: E6 G0 u# X0 _
判断改错:
6 J. }' R% _$ E5 R' o* w) g" `8 o, q (错)11. You pale face suggests that you (should) be ill.
) @4 E5 E" j7 w0 s* m$ b (对)12. Your pale face suggests that you are ill.0 q' A, Q8 T6 ~ e) [, [2 @( P1 F
(错)13. I insisted that you ( should) be wrong.
8 A8 G/ b' t" D/ d, ]! ?) b( w (对)14. I insisted that you were wrong.
k, O5 u _" x7 l4 R% a 例题分析:15.It is politely requested by the hotel management that radios ______ after 11 o'clock at night.9 E& ]; q6 L5 ~0 x: K5 a
A. were not played B. not be played
& j% P! r/ i& x: | C. not to play D. did not play
& F; I1 b6 e" n& O# z: C 全句意思是:“旅馆管理部门恳请客人晚上11点后不要打开收音机”。句中的谓语动词request(请求)所引出的从句应当用虚拟语气,即动词原形或“should+动词原形”。本句的主语从句中,主语radio是谓语动词play 的客体,谓语应当用被动语态。所以,答案是C) not be played。在上述这类句子中不能用动词过去时形式表示虚拟语气,所以A)不正确。选项B) not to play是动词带to的不定式,不能在句中作谓语。选项D)did not play也是动词play的过去时形式,同样不能在本句中作为虚拟语气来使用。而且,它是主动语态形式,而本题要用被动语态。, _' \4 t9 u2 _# ]4 K
练习:; M/ ?5 ^0 C( s; b( X2 F
16). The chairman requested that .
5 ^1 h2 m! g. F4 A3 l& r [A]the members studied more carefully the problem) C* g1 P$ V5 }, l+ j5 W
[B]the problem was more carefulnessly studied. f1 s7 W; r5 }. V" ~8 ?$ _: C: Z
[C]with more carefulness the problem could be studied
! H' m& g" m o4 p0 w [D]the members study the problem more carefully
& ?# Y/ k7 w$ @. g 17). The committee recommends that the matter at the next meeting .) r6 ~- n1 h/ J& d8 C! T
[A]would be discussed
" a0 ^7 F+ c1 L$ A/ { [B]will be discussed
, A* v% L v' b1 f1 N2 ^+ R4 q [C]be discussed
( d3 b. V# ?4 B+ p7 z8 v+ }& ~ [D]may be discussed$ H6 E4 |) q: u" y- s$ }+ U
18). The doctor insisted that his patient .
% D% X$ T4 s/ c [A]that he not work too hard for three months
/ w( a2 }; @" c2 v& r! z [B]take it easy for three months' M7 t3 a5 Y3 ]5 e( x
[C]taking it easy inside of three months! h( c; s/ P. V6 M0 r
[D]to take some vacations for three months |