二、在表示建议、命令、要求、忠告等动词的后面的宾语从句中的虚拟语气
: P4 z% [" Q# m( t 由于这些动词本身隐含说话者的主观意见,认为某事应该或不应该怎样,这些词语后面的“that”从句应用虚拟语气,且均以“should+动词原形”表示这种语气,但事实上“should”常被省略,故此从句中谓语动词用原形,常用的此类动词有:6 s b: N8 ^% N2 g* S
表示“要求”的:ask, desire, request, demand, require, beg" w- f/ h' k. A4 l* x4 F7 l
表示“提议、劝告、建议”的:move, prpose, suggest, recommend, advise, vote
. X2 K' v! u) y0 }- A" q3 L" j 表示“决定、命令”的:decide, order
7 B- T1 r: [; z3 y5 V 表示“主张”的:maintain, urge! w4 G& @, I, j7 b k: E3 e8 N
表示“同意、坚持”的:consent, insist8 e# E e$ v: a, V; d2 z" K6 `) Y6 e
例如:% r. V7 f3 \* x O
1.The doctor suggested that he (should) try to lose his weight./ I" r) V* F- c3 W. y7 |
2.He insisted that we (should ) tell him the news.9 y; {7 h. i! m+ B7 P' w
3.When I suggested that he try shaving cream, he said, “The razor and water do the job. ”(当我建议他用刮胡膏时,他说“剃刀和水就行了”。)
$ Q' {$ f9 V8 v. _; O: R A" k/ ~- { 4.He pursued various theories for several days until I suggested we take the toy apart to see how it did work. (他费了几天功夫寻找理论根据,直到我建议拆开看看它是如何转动的。)
# r) v# v3 A' x! W/ g 5.One can suggest that students should spend two or three years in an Englishspeaking country. (我们建议学生应在说英语的国家呆上两三年。)
# T& m7 g1 U- t1 _, N) @ 在表示命令、建议、要求等一类动词后面的从句中虚拟语气很普遍,其结构如:. |4 b- w3 p# e
order, suggest, propose, require, demand, request, insist, command, insist +... (should) do1 m8 n$ @9 Q, P7 q
6.I suggest that we (should) hold a meeting next week.$ `! \: {% Q, j! @5 I! Z
7.He insisted that he (should ) be sent there.
* l6 ?: @9 t4 \4 o 但注意:在insist 后的从句中, 如果是坚持自己, 用陈述语气, 坚持别人做什么事情, 用虚拟语气.
& {4 a. S3 A5 f6 W R9 n 8.she insists that she is right./ c# o# U1 ^" n% j8 j/ v9 f
9.she insisted that I should finish the work at once.
) e9 W. S# F* W 或者说,suggest, insist不表示建议或坚持要某人做某事时,即它们用于其本意暗示、表明、坚持认为时,宾语从句用陈述语气。, b, E' _) R O3 ~$ a
10.The guard at gate insisted that everybody obey the rules.% s" e E) H' W3 I G
判断改错:3 `% _6 ^. h( l1 q4 ? |
(错)11. You pale face suggests that you (should) be ill.% N, p) S3 V h: H- E* k, p# p
(对)12. Your pale face suggests that you are ill.9 [; [8 w% u* _3 v; o3 s! w' p
(错)13. I insisted that you ( should) be wrong.
3 r- j8 r; g3 d* v# y) `9 j (对)14. I insisted that you were wrong.
; E0 N9 n1 Q% s- F1 V" i+ P- A- z" z 例题分析:15.It is politely requested by the hotel management that radios ______ after 11 o'clock at night.! F, B# O5 W; E) x1 \3 V
A. were not played B. not be played9 B) E r% w, Y) \' ~3 \3 d% T# f
C. not to play D. did not play
0 H$ L! \7 B/ p# }% u 全句意思是:“旅馆管理部门恳请客人晚上11点后不要打开收音机”。句中的谓语动词request(请求)所引出的从句应当用虚拟语气,即动词原形或“should+动词原形”。本句的主语从句中,主语radio是谓语动词play 的客体,谓语应当用被动语态。所以,答案是C) not be played。在上述这类句子中不能用动词过去时形式表示虚拟语气,所以A)不正确。选项B) not to play是动词带to的不定式,不能在句中作谓语。选项D)did not play也是动词play的过去时形式,同样不能在本句中作为虚拟语气来使用。而且,它是主动语态形式,而本题要用被动语态。- D+ [% r; V$ F1 x3 R
练习:
% Y: w5 J8 }" Y2 w 16). The chairman requested that .: B" g7 N6 f% T( L2 x$ u; ~* U
[A]the members studied more carefully the problem ^* Q& R: M% M8 |4 \0 N+ {
[B]the problem was more carefulnessly studied
2 M3 E! ~% f' ^, W [C]with more carefulness the problem could be studied
x5 ] V% F) O( C' E3 e" G5 R0 Y [D]the members study the problem more carefully
; a% g' f0 k! [0 m6 T( q7 q 17). The committee recommends that the matter at the next meeting .
% U3 Q! ]' M! h) ? [A]would be discussed
; u9 H, L$ S. L: ~ [B]will be discussed8 c: U3 w/ Z- [; M4 b; R
[C]be discussed+ A# C" i7 N3 c; g" W1 C6 o
[D]may be discussed
, X, y; v! j8 X1 k% A! R 18). The doctor insisted that his patient .
! j5 i& ~% l0 N. |& J3 f [A]that he not work too hard for three months, z8 H# q0 @2 d6 b5 j* W: ~
[B]take it easy for three months4 _ g7 G+ G5 b) V A9 t6 k
[C]taking it easy inside of three months" S4 Z+ ?& T1 v# d: w& ?5 Q
[D]to take some vacations for three months |