英语专四语法词汇指导：虚拟语气详解（三）

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名词性从句中的虚拟语气
第一节：宾语从句(Subordinate Clasue)中的虚拟语气
( E3 j2 U' Q4 P+ z  }一、在动词wish后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气
在动词wish后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气，常省去宾语从句的引导词that。
/ a2 T- @( v# K  _# F, F2 J- b. u2 P一）、对现在情况的虚拟（与现在的事实相反）：
0 u8 D4 E9 ^' ?5 x$ i4 \从句用过去式或过去进行式(时间上是同时的)。其句子结构为：宾语从句的谓语be和were(was)，实义动词用过去式。例：
- I8 d% K1 F- L! F1. I wish (that可省略,下同)I knew the answer to the question.(wish, 动词过去式knew)我希望知道这个答案。(事实上是不知道)
) r1 r+ T9 g* {# U8 u9 l$ J* t2. I wish it were spring in my hometown all the year around.(wish, were)但愿我的家乡四季如春。(事实上不可能)
, Y- j8 e4 C( p5 k4 M& D: P3. I wish I were a bird.(wish, were)但愿我是只小鸟。(事实上不可能)
4. When she was at the party,she wished she were at home.(wished,过去虚拟动词were)(事实上并不在家)
5. Now that he is in China, he wishes he understood Chinese.(wishes,过去虚拟动词understood)
现在他在中国，他希望能懂得中文。(事实上并不懂)
5 e1 e" w7 T* z  m+ ]% ^- g3 X6. When we begin the trip, they will wish they were with us.(will wish,过去虚拟动词were)(事实上并不和我们在一起)
5 a: \( X8 s7 r( ]  V二）、对过去情况的虚拟（和过去的事实相反）：
1 z  k. \8 _* N2 `5 u5 L* m- G; V用wish表示对过去事情的遗憾。其句子结构为：宾语从句的谓语用过去完成时，或would, could, might+现在完成时。例：
/ L3 ?2 b) {* @6 _0 u1. I wish (that可省略，下同)I hadn't wasted so much time.
- a- l1 e1 J% l9 Q# u我后悔不该浪费这么多时间。(事实上已浪费了)
2. He wishes he hadn't lost the chance.
他真希望没有失去机会。(其实已失去)
& \. O( S5 D2 L& S% V1 M) q. r3. We wished he had spoken to us.
- S# M4 ^" _; Y(wished，had + spoken)(事实上他并没同我们讲)
- t9 ^5 D! E+ Y7 s) ?4. I wish you had called earlier.
0 N6 W* w# w& L(wish, had + called)(事实上已迟了)
5. They will wish they had listened to us sooner.
) y9 z- h) i( m! l7 s(will wish,had + listened)(事实上并不如此)
例题分析：I wish I ______ longer this morning, but I had to get up and come to class.
" f. n0 j, @* E  g2 R+ K5 u6 o. ]: ]A. could have slept 　　B. slept　　C. might have slept 　　D. have slept
4 N& r' C- O  ~动词wish后面接从句，表达不可能实现或与事实相反的情况时，谓语动词要用虚拟语气，即用过去式（表示现在发生的动作）或过去完成式（表示过去发生的动作）。本题后半句谓语动词have用的是过去时had
to get up and come, 所以前面要用过去完成时表示过去发生的动作。所以, 选项A)could have slept是答案
$ p# D2 Z7 r8 g# v7 Y# u三）、对将来情况的虚拟(表示将来的主观愿望)：
4 `4 X& E- N& Q) K3 c6 F5 v4 F' O从句动词"would/should/could/might + 动词原形"(时间上较后)(请注意：主句和从句的主语不相同)。用wish表示对将来事情的愿望。例：
1. I wish it would stop raining.(虚拟动词would+动词原形stop)
我希望雨能停止。(事实上雨还在下着呢)
; L- J6 V( E& g( E* \2. I wish you would be quiet.(would + be)
我希望你安静一些。(事实上那家伙还在吵着呢)
) K' @  R( Z3 \3 I$ }3 B3. You wished she would arrive the next day.(would + arrive)
( n: Q" A: Z( t) @, V9 q2 i你希望她第二天会到。(事实上她还没到)
4. I wish she would change her mind.(would + change)
我希望她会改变主意。(呵呵，女孩子可没那么容易就改变主意喔)
+ h" |* C, d6 X% E  ~. P3 l5. He will wish we would join him the following week.(would + join)
& a, g/ `* Q, g6 t: s+ ~7 j(只是希望我们和他在一起，实际上还没在一起)
四）、注意：
$ m1 X7 q& b3 l1.如果将wish改为过去式wished, 其后that 从句中的动词形式不变。例如：
I wished I hadn't spent so much money.
/ e% ^* i0 e5 K9 H: @; {我要是那时没有花掉那么多钱就好了。
) o5 ~7 a+ z: f3 d2. 如果that 从句中用would , 一般表示对现状不满或希望未来有所改变或请求
  e. _6 F! o% m2 N! d9 t( WI wish he would answer my letter.
I wish prices would come down.
I wish you would help me.
I wish you would stop asking silly questions.