英语专四语法词汇指导：虚拟语气详解（三）

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名词性从句中的虚拟语气
. @) m+ t' P+ S. f9 G0 L第一节：宾语从句(Subordinate Clasue)中的虚拟语气
一、在动词wish后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气
在动词wish后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气，常省去宾语从句的引导词that。
% Z3 a; I  r1 [4 p& O6 z, f一）、对现在情况的虚拟（与现在的事实相反）：
* S* f% j! K9 p1 r2 U" V. G从句用过去式或过去进行式(时间上是同时的)。其句子结构为：宾语从句的谓语be和were(was)，实义动词用过去式。例：
1. I wish (that可省略,下同)I knew the answer to the question.(wish, 动词过去式knew)我希望知道这个答案。(事实上是不知道)
2. I wish it were spring in my hometown all the year around.(wish, were)但愿我的家乡四季如春。(事实上不可能)
3. I wish I were a bird.(wish, were)但愿我是只小鸟。(事实上不可能)
0 {" ^, h7 a0 c4 n5 Y: [# q, H4. When she was at the party,she wished she were at home.(wished,过去虚拟动词were)(事实上并不在家)
5. Now that he is in China, he wishes he understood Chinese.(wishes,过去虚拟动词understood)
现在他在中国，他希望能懂得中文。(事实上并不懂)
+ @0 m" C" }3 c0 L& j" T+ F) R6. When we begin the trip, they will wish they were with us.(will wish,过去虚拟动词were)(事实上并不和我们在一起)
二）、对过去情况的虚拟（和过去的事实相反）：
3 }, U2 |' f- z用wish表示对过去事情的遗憾。其句子结构为：宾语从句的谓语用过去完成时，或would, could, might+现在完成时。例：
1 n. A8 c1 A% I" ?, V  T( M1. I wish (that可省略，下同)I hadn't wasted so much time.
我后悔不该浪费这么多时间。(事实上已浪费了)
2. He wishes he hadn't lost the chance.
( G* q2 x2 Q1 N& \$ r1 ]他真希望没有失去机会。(其实已失去)
; U% e) d9 p: o+ p8 H3. We wished he had spoken to us.
(wished，had + spoken)(事实上他并没同我们讲)
9 J+ V% ]+ l; q7 {7 n- F4. I wish you had called earlier.
(wish, had + called)(事实上已迟了)
5. They will wish they had listened to us sooner.
(will wish,had + listened)(事实上并不如此)
$ @! x! l$ r3 J5 d* ?8 {8 ?3 I6 W例题分析：I wish I ______ longer this morning, but I had to get up and come to class.
6 j" w# h& h5 r$ MA. could have slept 　　B. slept　　C. might have slept 　　D. have slept
动词wish后面接从句，表达不可能实现或与事实相反的情况时，谓语动词要用虚拟语气，即用过去式（表示现在发生的动作）或过去完成式（表示过去发生的动作）。本题后半句谓语动词have用的是过去时had
to get up and come, 所以前面要用过去完成时表示过去发生的动作。所以, 选项A)could have slept是答案
1 K3 r3 s1 P& k3 _& }6 O三）、对将来情况的虚拟(表示将来的主观愿望)：
7 F0 U4 z4 B1 D- m/ m% L从句动词"would/should/could/might + 动词原形"(时间上较后)(请注意：主句和从句的主语不相同)。用wish表示对将来事情的愿望。例：
2 n; h! ?9 F; k) T) o' W; T1. I wish it would stop raining.(虚拟动词would+动词原形stop)
我希望雨能停止。(事实上雨还在下着呢)
' R* R; {. |/ p1 j9 E& `. ]. z0 R7 ^2. I wish you would be quiet.(would + be)
$ V3 A6 A0 Q! L我希望你安静一些。(事实上那家伙还在吵着呢)
( u3 @4 R. {4 u/ o7 D8 I3. You wished she would arrive the next day.(would + arrive)
; m5 h, Q) F2 x你希望她第二天会到。(事实上她还没到)
4. I wish she would change her mind.(would + change)
我希望她会改变主意。(呵呵，女孩子可没那么容易就改变主意喔)
' w7 e% S3 B% m+ G5. He will wish we would join him the following week.(would + join)
(只是希望我们和他在一起，实际上还没在一起)
四）、注意：
6 s( U0 K  s+ ^* M" P7 Y1.如果将wish改为过去式wished, 其后that 从句中的动词形式不变。例如：
I wished I hadn't spent so much money.
2 x3 w4 ?/ X. C8 J) _0 Y- @我要是那时没有花掉那么多钱就好了。
, K2 `' q) {. `  o8 l9 s- n2 O2. 如果that 从句中用would , 一般表示对现状不满或希望未来有所改变或请求
0 j; @& }( ^  y& \6 QI wish he would answer my letter.
7 O' Z8 k! S) z4 d: f" sI wish prices would come down.
I wish you would help me.
I wish you would stop asking silly questions.