一篇好文章的条件很多。除了内容丰富和组织紧密之外,词汇的运用和句子的处理,也起着决定性作用。句子可长可短,同一件事,可以用不同的句式表达。如果句子清一色是简单句,文章必定很单调乏 味。如果全篇充满了冗长的复杂句,读起来也很费力。
7 H( \9 ^6 G6 G2 v# \* ?7 s1 S6 ^ 最好的方法是以简单句为基础,配合适当的并列 句和复杂句。简单句可长可短,通常要加些附属成分,如分词短语、介词短语、副词短语、不定式动词 短语,以及节缩成分。总之,作者可根据情况,使句子多样化,使文章灵活多姿。例如下列五个句子的基本概念一样,但 是句式不同,内容重点也有些差别:" M6 G# | \* }7 c5 y
(1) The goats grazed peacefully in the farm and were unaware of the approaching hunter. (并列分句(1)+2)& j& S2 |! y/ F1 l+ }
(2) Grazing peacefully, the goats in the farm were unaware of the approaching hunter. (现在分语短语+简单句)5 |& r& j5 E! R6 C! i9 U
(3) In the farm, the goats grazed peacefully and were unaware of the approaching hunter. (副词短语+并列分句(1)-(2) )- X0 P2 o5 w7 G0 u- L
(4) There were goats grazing peacefully in the farm, unaware of the approaching hunter. (简单句+形容语短语)* q5 d S3 S, O/ Z
(5) As the goats grazed peacefully in the farm, they were unaware of the approaching hunter. (原因副词从句+主句)- D. E1 I# t. V" j
(6) The young pilot was on his first overseas training.9 T$ K0 Y& l( \4 J+ T1 g
(7) He felt very uneasy.- E' k( O$ ^; `/ ^* |
(a) The young pilot on his first overseas training felt very uneasy.4 x! k# k. \- r" e# B
(b) The young pilot felt very uneasy during his first overseas training.0 y$ k- k% V& k9 l/ ?( O
(c) The young pilot’’’’’’’’s first overseas training made him feel very uneasy.
# D% J- a1 N3 J, _+ Z( g. h0 ? (d) Extreme uneasiness seized the young pilot on his first overseas training.
7 u* P( L, s; H3 u+ S (e) The young pilot was on his first overseas training, feeling very uneasy.5 ^0 s9 S1 {/ h3 M/ C
(f) It being his first overseas training, the young pilot felt very uneasy. n4 }) e* S; _* z) i9 U" `# G
(g) Being on his first overseas training, the young pilot felt very uneasy.( L6 e, R! Z' i! c
(h) The young pilot was on his first overseas training and felt very uneasy.0 V- y8 c/ E! }6 W+ W' _
(i) The young pilot, who was on his first overseas training, felt very uneasy.9 L4 r7 o8 |. q7 h& |+ ~
(j) When the young pilot was on his/first overseas trainging, he felt very uneasy.3 T9 S/ z- N8 m( b6 u7 K N; r/ x
(k) As the young pilot was on his first overseas training, he felt very uneasy.
S7 u g0 c E+ k X7 k (l) The young pilot was on his first overseas training, so that he felt very uneasy.& h" ~" s9 G( X: u
在上述12个句子中,(a)-(g)是简单句;(h)是并列句;(i)-(l)是复杂句。简单句除(b)和(g)之外, 其他五样,用的人并不多。人们最喜欢采用复杂句,尤其是(j)和(k)这两款;接着便是并列句(h)。如果 大多数人的句子只限于(b),(g), (h), (j)和(k)这五种,而其他的则弃如敝屣,不是很可惜吗?
$ [9 I8 E I+ M% D; b0 |4 C& [ 增强英语语句表现力的有效方法! o' }, G6 w" V) |
一、避免使用语意弱的“be”动词。# B* j* F1 r5 J) H' W& F# L+ e
1、把句中的表语转换为不同的修饰语。例如:
9 X2 D/ [8 D- D2 J. Z Weak: The trees are bare. The grass is brown. The landscape seems drab.
/ C' \8 ^/ Y4 @+ \6 R9 w Revision:The brown grass and bare trees form a drab landscape. (转换为前置定语)
4 j* X4 x6 i6 h- ] Or: The landscape, bare and brown, begged for spring green. (转换为并列结构作后置定 语)
0 u0 h B' ]1 k3 n 2、将作表语用的形容词或名词变为行为动词。例如:
1 s1 t# z+ i' z5 q 1) Weak: The team members are good players.
+ \& _# |+ I9 z- s! \; T4 R) Q Revision: The team members play well.
) M! y3 v4 U0 R7 D; D' G3 a3 z6 R5 _ 2) Weak: One worker’s plan is the elimination of tardiness.( u9 @0 R( K, Q
Revision: One worker’s plan eliminates tardiness.7 V% L' l8 |! O$ H' Q* Q
3、在以“here”或“there”开头的句子中,把“be”动词后的名词代词变成改写句的主语。例 如:. t* F D% T6 v" P1 G& ]" F) J
1) Weak: There is no opportunity for promotion.
" O4 z0 ^; K+ k Revision: No opportunity for promotion exists.: S7 w; ]! C4 p& w
2) Weak: Here are the books you ordered.1 G, \8 r9 ?! B& V
Revision: The books you ordered have arrived. |