Chapter 1 Colonial Period
, k/ ~6 G5 l e; ` I. Background: Puritanism
- c* G7 N9 T0 \) U0 ]* m 1. features of Puritanism
, v8 L" I- ?1 l2 z+ M (1) Predestination: God decided everything before things occurred.
, [* r2 ?$ e0 v/ |' S. s( J! I (2) Original sin: Human beings were born to be evil, and this original sin can be passed down from generation to generation.) k; u9 B0 T- o3 i# n$ f
(3) Total depravity; I- y! T. h: [; X
(4) Limited atonement: Only the “elect” can be saved.$ N) l% V$ ]9 w, i7 }
2. Influence! |/ w5 e4 g# @7 T- [$ r
(1) A group of good qualities – hard work, thrift, piety, sobriety (serious and thoughtful) influenced American literature.' p( |0 s; @* v/ A
(2) It led to the everlasting myth. All literature is based on a myth – garden of Eden.* C, n9 l- O' M8 A) b6 @
(3) Symbolism: the American puritan’s metaphorical mode of perception was chiefly instrumental in calling into being a literary symbolism which is distinctly American." u4 a/ g. c& X( v8 r4 `
(4) With regard to their writing, the style is fresh, simple and direct; the rhetoric is plain and honest, not without a touch of nobility often traceable to the direct influence of the Bible.
( R* x- I) H; w II. Overview of the literature( I* }4 i7 ?; X8 c
1. types of writing( E( F) ~, I8 T
diaries, histories, journals, letters, travel books, autobiographies/biographies, sermons7 ]- n7 E- {- Y; X
2. writers of colonial period6 V7 [8 F/ C& ]0 m, B
(1) Anne Bradstreet
' V6 F7 ~+ F$ E$ A3 i0 O" A( s (2) Edward Taylor) a/ _$ e8 O7 `. m. d* w
(3) Roger Williams
5 i5 |7 R; `" B0 T$ D' J7 S6 C0 Y& U (4) John Woolman
0 [. t7 O) L3 \8 d/ k (5) Thomas Paine# Z: O- O: M$ ^# ?; o) @. T
(6) Philip Freneau( R/ c& G# z' w1 i
III. Jonathan Edwards
1 a. |1 z$ l( D. D7 c) i 1. life
' @+ s5 a0 Z3 d 2. works1 K% n" q# G' l' R2 w
(1) The Freedom of the Will3 X2 J# C7 t0 w9 ^% Q
(2) The Great Doctrine of Original Sin Defended
8 D# ]9 [. g8 P4 M1 T (3) The Nature of True Virtue' M7 |* M7 s7 C* U
3. ideas – pioneer of transcendentalism1 p/ c* z! a; u: }9 z/ i
(1) The spirit of revivalism
4 T3 A; @5 U) w! W) y (2) Regeneration of man
V# T7 t" q% b% [' |- n (3) God’s presence2 F4 `) N$ r' f* @' `
(4) Puritan idealism
" p- i( e. @8 l, X' B IV. Benjamin Franklin
2 M7 R) ~4 E+ \# p 1. life" b, l2 p( c9 Z' J# `
2. works
$ }/ M$ I9 @) m, |! p M (1) Poor Richard’s Almanac
: Y7 w: C& F" T5 m3 T (2) Autobiography9 O' a7 r8 R- z- v# Y
3. contribution+ d( w; }( D, i
(1) He helped found the Pennsylvania Hospital and the American Philosophical Society.
( V+ M; M" v" N' R (2) He was called “the new Prometheus who had stolen fire (electricity in this case) from heaven”.
$ f7 b% V6 N! X& P6 O (3) Everything seems to meet in this one man – “Jack of all trades”. Herman Melville thus described him “master of each and mastered by none”. |
发表于 2012-8-14 11:29:10
