Chapter 1 Colonial Period
; b6 H9 n& _8 x; p I. Background: Puritanism& T! D( k3 n' t* y) E: p8 S
1. features of Puritanism4 [8 K( I0 ~( z; g
(1) Predestination: God decided everything before things occurred.
2 I! f4 Y+ t" g8 S( q9 }3 M9 V (2) Original sin: Human beings were born to be evil, and this original sin can be passed down from generation to generation.& P% x: a2 n* ^
(3) Total depravity
$ [4 N( p7 {& j0 h' {& u4 t, w0 { (4) Limited atonement: Only the “elect” can be saved.
3 `$ ]. A3 p F 2. Influence I2 l( b, X3 D' w$ J. ^7 e& e
(1) A group of good qualities – hard work, thrift, piety, sobriety (serious and thoughtful) influenced American literature.* |4 ]) p9 D' y. B% i
(2) It led to the everlasting myth. All literature is based on a myth – garden of Eden.+ `$ ~& ?" Q$ O/ V% ?/ Z
(3) Symbolism: the American puritan’s metaphorical mode of perception was chiefly instrumental in calling into being a literary symbolism which is distinctly American.
3 w7 Y, J- o' c" K' H; P$ H6 ] (4) With regard to their writing, the style is fresh, simple and direct; the rhetoric is plain and honest, not without a touch of nobility often traceable to the direct influence of the Bible.3 s& ]8 h. o. c3 a* X
II. Overview of the literature' I, z. ?. {% L" Q4 x' Z
1. types of writing, w+ T2 W3 K' x6 M# J
diaries, histories, journals, letters, travel books, autobiographies/biographies, sermons
5 e! v% x. ^; J 2. writers of colonial period8 L0 z7 j9 B: w2 ^9 ~' ^. d
(1) Anne Bradstreet0 }' s0 W3 A5 F8 o( J
(2) Edward Taylor" e, P3 H/ W. L/ X
(3) Roger Williams0 L* z" o7 D% Q1 M
(4) John Woolman8 {, ^( W7 N& N. i! M
(5) Thomas Paine5 p( U1 K+ Z, g m' C. ^. ]
(6) Philip Freneau
! ^; r9 P: J' S; F" M9 @0 y III. Jonathan Edwards0 f- n2 Y( @/ g/ w, i, d
1. life
" h$ q' I& ^% s6 |! g 2. works
3 p- b# J5 H7 a (1) The Freedom of the Will
8 B1 W s6 L" g, d. Q (2) The Great Doctrine of Original Sin Defended+ v/ i" K) I$ ^" k1 `! ]: J
(3) The Nature of True Virtue/ r9 O5 D7 g6 |) m
3. ideas – pioneer of transcendentalism i$ Z7 M% L( G) x7 x, U# t8 A, J4 q
(1) The spirit of revivalism: K6 R5 A# V& ^+ [
(2) Regeneration of man
9 e! J' q/ `- P$ C7 H- p4 _8 a+ S (3) God’s presence6 P: V% K' J( O# z: d6 A$ D
(4) Puritan idealism
4 v" [6 ]* I7 \2 @ IV. Benjamin Franklin. l, C" C7 {5 U' e, l* h# V
1. life7 O; h9 [3 v. c' x3 r
2. works( c1 S7 R% ?$ @
(1) Poor Richard’s Almanac( L, y, k& T5 X3 f
(2) Autobiography4 D$ O- `7 K# i% }, R6 q2 j9 }
3. contribution
) p) ?/ n0 u6 s0 ?, t (1) He helped found the Pennsylvania Hospital and the American Philosophical Society.- u8 T V. F+ d6 }8 |( g
(2) He was called “the new Prometheus who had stolen fire (electricity in this case) from heaven”." m- D; N+ n! u+ H3 i' p
(3) Everything seems to meet in this one man – “Jack of all trades”. Herman Melville thus described him “master of each and mastered by none”. |
发表于 2012-8-14 11:29:10
