Chapter 1 Colonial Period9 N% ?0 D9 ] @8 N# y3 p d
I. Background: Puritanism4 g. l: z- C( r1 ~! {" _. q6 x/ M
1. features of Puritanism
& [" D2 D" J. O1 p0 ?, P (1) Predestination: God decided everything before things occurred.: W" ~, W" C8 R& z* Y8 k& {" R' b& `# n
(2) Original sin: Human beings were born to be evil, and this original sin can be passed down from generation to generation.
2 w. s% ?# \8 M5 _ (3) Total depravity t% d5 O% N# Y7 I8 O
(4) Limited atonement: Only the “elect” can be saved.: Z0 \/ L" L+ O; q1 Z
2. Influence
' `& Y5 Z- B& Y/ e0 K (1) A group of good qualities – hard work, thrift, piety, sobriety (serious and thoughtful) influenced American literature.1 i; o6 \; C2 e; L! i1 E0 [$ N z
(2) It led to the everlasting myth. All literature is based on a myth – garden of Eden.; Q# [9 M' @6 p5 Y( M. P- O7 ~
(3) Symbolism: the American puritan’s metaphorical mode of perception was chiefly instrumental in calling into being a literary symbolism which is distinctly American.
7 C% \$ M6 Q9 S+ z) r# S (4) With regard to their writing, the style is fresh, simple and direct; the rhetoric is plain and honest, not without a touch of nobility often traceable to the direct influence of the Bible.7 Q/ q/ ~/ Y h+ S1 P
II. Overview of the literature
4 y3 I2 T% a& Q& p G 1. types of writing
: I' b& E8 W i( i% }3 H' t' ?* m diaries, histories, journals, letters, travel books, autobiographies/biographies, sermons& P) }) ^5 w( c* k
2. writers of colonial period
. }2 H% [# C0 f2 d0 l) { (1) Anne Bradstreet
6 [9 i$ \( n( @ (2) Edward Taylor4 R* J: i- S% z; [% e" V' _
(3) Roger Williams- c' W1 Z& ]: Z( Q
(4) John Woolman, M# I* o" w* S1 C1 t
(5) Thomas Paine+ B! p+ a9 U$ m- E) z# w
(6) Philip Freneau
4 T) Y/ ` |8 J% y, C/ W+ m III. Jonathan Edwards
" U! l. Y& h8 s6 m 1. life
- X& Z( G( T8 m' v# T& V; c/ T 2. works1 E, Z" J6 e8 |4 I# ^" e1 L6 z1 U
(1) The Freedom of the Will, [1 w0 G1 m# S5 H8 Z
(2) The Great Doctrine of Original Sin Defended5 Q' f# `% @. |% h
(3) The Nature of True Virtue5 w+ E1 _7 h& V. ~0 N# u. i
3. ideas – pioneer of transcendentalism
* O) ^ u4 W6 E( }' }' X3 y (1) The spirit of revivalism1 P0 ]8 r, N. J$ ^' V. {! K
(2) Regeneration of man+ Y5 b4 q# O( d: s5 \/ d
(3) God’s presence' y9 ?: h- d9 x. z$ w" r, D* I; g& D z
(4) Puritan idealism2 U7 o3 p) m; T4 d1 ~
IV. Benjamin Franklin
4 ?/ }* |, i0 @0 p" g# ?1 ` 1. life$ u8 _8 ^5 w O p7 p
2. works
8 N9 c+ R) Q R8 } (1) Poor Richard’s Almanac
8 i+ m& ` W# Q8 { (2) Autobiography
8 Z% T: i* I! c; \, z5 X/ u 3. contribution
; s, V1 k; N! z9 u5 O (1) He helped found the Pennsylvania Hospital and the American Philosophical Society.
1 G/ R% S* d1 f6 E( | (2) He was called “the new Prometheus who had stolen fire (electricity in this case) from heaven”.
2 n U- H$ z/ h# ?$ I$ V& h (3) Everything seems to meet in this one man – “Jack of all trades”. Herman Melville thus described him “master of each and mastered by none”. |
发表于 2012-8-14 11:29:10
