l The Wings of the Dove
! \ Q4 d0 Y% W# P% ?+ D6 \ l The Golden Bowl
. B0 O* P( c0 b# a2 n _ (3) Aesthetic ideas5 I3 o* `/ x0 _( X7 `4 B
a. The aim of novel: represent life
. s ~* p* r7 `. }3 p b. Common, even ugly side of life% ^) V. e. \7 `4 c' ]( S2 s
c. Social function of art
/ M4 [5 c8 v# x6 [1 ]9 B. V d. Avoiding omniscient point of view0 {8 x, q t% p! X- ~% @; B6 E! q
(4) Point of view
/ u, A4 J. s8 W+ @" [; W a. Psychological analysis, forefather of stream of consciousness8 w/ C* L& a5 }
b. Psychological realism: C& z' M( ?* E4 ?
c. Highly-refined language
' u K/ O- v) u- T5 \3 @ T5 ? (5) Style – “stylist”
8 t( I) {5 n! Z3 \$ H f; i a. Language: highly-refined, polished, insightful, accurate7 e7 P6 T# d+ E7 u1 i
b. Vocabulary: large3 w4 N& N- }6 g0 Y# X, r
c. Construction: complicated, intricate
- J) ^: l0 F* x& d/ d 3. Mark Twain (see next section)
# J' ?1 I7 R4 J Local Colorism
3 A! P5 b U+ m( Z4 i2 H) h( P# O 1860s, 1870s~1890s& T) e8 ]- M) O. W4 H8 @5 x! ^& l
I. Appearance: \. J; @% I+ E; I
1. uneven development in economy in America( X1 M& T2 Y' h
2. culture: flourishing of frontier literature, humourists* n) a! N8 B. r: V; o
3. magazines appeared to let writer publish their works
: ]" S- u9 b; j9 [+ u) D( Q II. What is “Local Colour”?1 Y7 R( x# Y8 u) H- Y
Tasks of local colourists: to write or present local characters of their regions in truthful depiction distinguished from others, usually a very small part of the world.% V* x& g |( R4 \7 I) n! P
Regional literature (similar, but larger in world)
/ M" M9 E5 U0 H" ]1 |5 q" K* v l Garland, Harte – the west0 C# b6 I+ c' O% A, d* [$ s
l Eggleston – Indiana
1 @# D; ?0 _0 J* Z' |; |7 g6 J l Mrs Stowe
9 o7 u" v3 F7 n. K3 w6 s l Jewett – Maine; h# k/ M$ U, ], n
l Chopin – Louisiana
- W+ K: ]8 s; ~) _ z1 M III. Mark Twain – Mississippi
( S1 j1 X) C* w: v4 a: [2 u8 V+ b 1. life
" B6 B! s, x( @) N8 r 2. works- {2 V+ U; ^ d
(1) The Gilded Age
2 K* q7 ]2 D+ [) C (2) “the two advantages” q4 r- A8 {( B+ a H
(3) Life on the Mississippi! s6 e! A& y4 D0 e3 \
(4) A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur’s Court4 ~/ l G/ G' _* j3 G
(5) The Man That Corrupted Hardleybug
. {3 O5 I; U# v/ a+ q1 Q) i 3. style) O$ J2 e/ |( H$ d" l
(1) colloquial language, vernacular language, dialects1 E, z/ ?2 ~& ?3 e
(2) local colour0 W0 Q4 x* j( i, A+ F
(3) syntactic feature: sentences are simple, brief, sometimes ungrammatical, M& U& W4 u4 \3 Q5 j n) s
(4) humour3 J+ b8 @; A8 P3 x# m$ g
(5) tall tales (highly exaggerated)
$ \8 h7 v! y* t, } (6) social criticism (satire on the different ugly things in society)
6 h! H/ A$ V- @! c IV. Comparison of the three “giants” of American Realism! f0 L" m% O" M3 l0 h5 j% @
1. Theme
# J8 G1 v$ C/ j Howells – middle class
/ u* U8 h4 ~$ ]2 x+ A, |0 C) r James – upper class2 u0 m- n, E9 A' ?
Twain – lower class
2 A7 R+ t0 ]" M8 w 2. Technique' P9 q6 _. c6 Q4 }6 ~, l) M- _
Howells – smiling/genteel realism3 R! W1 t( [' I2 c8 E
James – psychological realism& {- {" C, K+ x# Q: M
Twain – local colourism and colloquialism |