l The Wings of the Dove. d$ e' c( j. N$ Z5 ^
l The Golden Bowl. Z i& ^9 k$ R/ w
(3) Aesthetic ideas( u/ m7 ^0 e( Z" O0 z3 W
a. The aim of novel: represent life' F, e/ B8 ]- E9 P% u c
b. Common, even ugly side of life
, N- P0 D( K: I c. Social function of art/ H% N, U8 V$ U% i2 Z
d. Avoiding omniscient point of view
9 _! W$ g U+ i! J5 ~- Y (4) Point of view
- h6 H2 _4 E' Y' w0 _3 q a. Psychological analysis, forefather of stream of consciousness$ M" U' d3 ]) x1 D2 \$ Y# Q' z
b. Psychological realism
; h+ I' E' ^. {+ X( z c. Highly-refined language
; ^" ?5 T/ x! b, h9 }1 ?: u (5) Style – “stylist”! I3 m+ o' t7 }) }: O! m
a. Language: highly-refined, polished, insightful, accurate
# a8 X- L0 \6 z b. Vocabulary: large5 d4 m$ L! _# ^+ P# B1 M1 k
c. Construction: complicated, intricate/ g* D' h* A( f) l/ a5 ]6 Q2 I
3. Mark Twain (see next section)
; _- a" M6 O8 C$ u+ ]( E Local Colorism
9 }9 A5 p* a6 l5 Y; g' J 1860s, 1870s~1890s
7 D& o- _4 l1 }% z) O2 r, f( ] I. Appearance2 v# z/ g% J4 N$ R+ R
1. uneven development in economy in America1 \* t% k0 i' L! c7 @" }+ L! p; a
2. culture: flourishing of frontier literature, humourists0 k- W4 l x( k+ k. Z4 V5 f* Q
3. magazines appeared to let writer publish their works
9 S0 e8 ?# W0 K3 r9 { II. What is “Local Colour”?
|9 V5 [2 d: T# e$ O2 E Tasks of local colourists: to write or present local characters of their regions in truthful depiction distinguished from others, usually a very small part of the world.' y/ \+ T9 u& D( t5 g; ?$ `
Regional literature (similar, but larger in world)0 E. m5 E4 ]- J$ ~
l Garland, Harte – the west
3 ` H1 E! d( P% D l Eggleston – Indiana
) n4 b; F4 n: L* d- N+ M l Mrs Stowe
4 d% i! L0 }# Z# b# G l Jewett – Maine: l- u4 F8 q: Q" z. S" c
l Chopin – Louisiana
/ E" Y2 a3 Y! Z! o' e/ Z III. Mark Twain – Mississippi
/ m: G0 p" j$ J! j& ] 1. life
" j X. o7 ]" j+ K+ m) l 2. works
& i6 f8 ] g) E8 e/ y+ o* m (1) The Gilded Age
. ?$ C+ p. c4 c/ W; @3 `$ g (2) “the two advantages”# |8 S' u1 a1 z/ |2 w/ k/ c
(3) Life on the Mississippi
8 b* i% d2 ^2 C2 c, | (4) A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur’s Court
% ` b/ A6 Y" S- v* b9 q s2 o3 p (5) The Man That Corrupted Hardleybug; M9 f1 {$ {& f
3. style( |/ {5 B( [" x. P5 d( V+ M
(1) colloquial language, vernacular language, dialects
5 z* ^1 V, I/ h$ @ (2) local colour4 N" y; y* _- [$ _5 s
(3) syntactic feature: sentences are simple, brief, sometimes ungrammatical3 }' c' b, [& \* \
(4) humour
, e- u! m t$ O; k. | (5) tall tales (highly exaggerated)
8 w0 H# N4 R% f1 N' ?' N6 v0 c (6) social criticism (satire on the different ugly things in society)
L* v3 r' R9 C; t7 ^ IV. Comparison of the three “giants” of American Realism4 E- J8 ^; _; |0 f F+ L
1. Theme1 A# {) M" D: |1 e Z0 o& |/ y
Howells – middle class) O/ K! r, O; d |+ @
James – upper class5 \. [" d2 e# T( g s, |
Twain – lower class/ u9 V6 r' B3 [4 v; D( h
2. Technique
* j, a) O+ l) n0 o2 { Howells – smiling/genteel realism. e) I) }* t; K2 S* g
James – psychological realism2 h, F2 B* l$ z9 s3 p$ E
Twain – local colourism and colloquialism |