Adam Smith, writter in the 1770s, was the first peson to T# [8 R& A( q v! i0 O# m
see the importance of the division of labor and to explain; A# e* _) S; W7 H
part of its advantage. He gives as an example the process4 J3 D# ^6 i6 N* M2 m/ \: B/ s
which pins were made in England."One man draws out __1__& {+ W; ?, T9 D6 @3 x
the wire, another strengthens it, a third cuts it, a fourth points
) f) b! P7 Q* X+ A e; E C it, a fifth grinds it at the top to prepare it to receive the head.# \, y( h& s+ w& T6 g* Z+ T
To make the head require two or three distinct operations. To__2__* r( k3 {* H& ^ U
pur it on is a separate operation, to publish the pins is another.
+ F3 J: {7 g4 G6 }0 Q" l) F" J It is even a trade by itself to put them into the paper. And the
x( x: A0 J0 K: ^& E, s important business of making pins are, in the manner, divided__3__
3 {' E: @) _; C into about eighteen distinct operations, which in some factories' q2 y1 h0 {+ M; K8 f' h
are all performed by different people, though in other the same __4__" T: X6 x. z1 ?. d6 T; ~1 g
man will sometimes perform two of three of them." Ten men,5 ]; ? |) K' y, h
Smith said, in this way, turned twelve pounds of pins a day or__5__+ r. b4 i7 q& L% r/ P
about 4800 pins apiece. But if all of them had worked5 X- S( A, V& U( r5 d: U$ T; A
seperatel and dependently without division of labor, they__6__6 }5 u' v. n6 h6 m4 H
certainly could not each of them have twenty pins in a day! n& g6 O8 n# n9 v) R5 i0 v" V
and perhaps not even one. There can be no doubt that
5 Y; ?* `% Q7 H) `' M" Y. M$ ~ division of labor, provide that it is not taken too far, is an __7__
2 j0 _/ w4 m4 G7 Y ^ efficient way of organizing work. Fewer people can make
( h% y: X( `! d& S9 m: n more pins. Adam Smith saw this but he also took them for__8__( l. Y4 T% n( {$ B. K) E
granted that division of labor is in itself responsible for! t8 L1 P. f/ [) L
the economic growth and development and that it accounts __9__
, [+ t+ ]+ p: J+ s# c F: L9 V for the difference between expanding economies and those9 x5 y+ T" q1 W1 ]/ p
that stand still. But division of labor adds something new; it __10__# Q2 D" }. v$ v2 _' Z' l. }4 j5 j, p
only enables people to produce more of what they already have.
! Q" N8 l" f( ^5 Y+ T9 F- E% u. z 答案及解析:
, x- q' X& F7 C 1.在which前面加上by. P3 Z8 p: V: c1 ~2 b# B4 N
which的先行词是the process, 必须通过(by) the process生产pin。而不是the process本身
3 u9 X! w |$ x. C. R 2. require—requires
2 v; F7 F0 h1 D |/ D4 I1 V 主语为不定式to make the head,谓语动词应为第三人称单数一般现在时
4 M5 d5 Q5 e4 ^ 3. are—is; J! v; p: |& y6 r
主语为the important business of" K7 ]% i t4 w" m8 K& M
4. other—others
) U8 q# w9 H9 p/ Y, o& s4 {) W others是代词,代指other factories3 F) i1 {9 l, L. O9 }2 {0 h' r
5. 在turned后加out
, L! a( N& F' y turn out 是习语,意为“生产出.......”7 Y9 F8 ` U; s4 n* u
6. dependently—independently
% y, g. |' s4 c 逻辑上应与上文的separately一致
1 D6 `( u7 Y0 T: \6 h 7. provide—provided/providing = on condition(that)
" \5 V7 ]# L9 P 意为假设,倘若,引导条件句
0 y# o5 s/ d0 M) }9 x 8. them—it
9 N1 |! ^6 x- M7 ~* s 习语take it for granted6 P# B7 g- B; P$ W' S
9. 去掉the! c# ^% T& ]+ A; h; j
抽象名词在用来表示它的一般概念时常不用冠词;即使前面有一段描绘性的定语,也多不加冠词,growth 和development 正属于抽象名词; h/ Q( ` [- |5 t, V, k! {( g, \
10. something—nothing
7 T% c- ?' U0 }2 ^/ y 根据上下文,因为“劳动分工”没什么新意 |