英语写作精讲精练：一个公式三个原则（3）

会计考友

　　非谓语动词方式处理示例
　　示例1：I sat beside her. I felt very nervous.
2 C- p1 b& z4 G& o　　可变为：Sitting beside her, I felt very nervous.
" r2 H  Q) U  f9 |　　或者：I sat beside her, feeling very nervous.
　　示例2：I want to quit smoking. I eat candies.
  O' d1 [3 \  z2 L) U$ }4 D3 o　　可变为：To quit smoking, I eat candies.
4 ]1 ?$ u! S% ?$ U$ g1 ~. i　　示例3：A young man was tired of sleeping on the floor. He saved up for years to buy a real bed.
, i9 @7 `0 Y9 T* k: l　　可以变为：Tired of sleeping on the floor, a young man saved up for years to buy a real bed.
　　示例4：Jimmy was dressed up as Father Christmas. He was accompanied by a guard of honor of six pretty girls. He set off down the main street of the city. He rode a baby elephant. The elephant was called Jumbo.
; z0 A5 x, J7 p  ]0 t9 C3 r: f　　可以变为：Dressed up as Father Christmas and accompanied by a guard of honor of six pretty girls, Jimmy set off down the main street of the city, riding a baby elephant called Jumbo.
0 R+ G1 c; q3 M# k　　定语从句方式处理
　　定语从句当然是属于“从属”的行列，所以，是处理为从属方式的手段之一。请看下面的例子：
; G$ }& Z' X5 H4 c" a" T4 [　　This is the only book.
　　I read the book during the holiday.
) h( x- V9 T( T  W　　两句的重合点在the book上面；将第二句中的the book抽出来，放到第一句book后面，其它内容向后甩。这样，我们就会看到the only book后面马上又在重复the book。为了避免重复，我们去掉the book，而换用另外一个词去替换，这个词就是指物的which或that。因为这里的book有only在修饰，所以，最终我们选用that；又因为that在定语从句中作宾语，所以，可以省略。
2 E. [2 w+ |" f7 [# c5 c2 V　　下面两句的合并遵循同样的原则：
! J$ A& Z: e/ M5 [$ [　　She is the girl.
4 w9 V4 U  Y" d8 m0 E5 y　　The girl’s father is my boss.
2 ~" a* j2 H/ n" @8 o" B, F4 Q　　?She is the girl whose father is my boss.
, O0 H' K$ J$ o; C6 ?' _8 x2 ^( x/ x　　几个句型：
　　…, but…句型(表转折关系)
　　…, for…句型(表原因关系)
　　…, so…句型(表结果关系)
* x! {4 H$ K  d　　…(,/;/.) however,…句型(表更强烈的转折关系)
# k+ v# h; D) }% l$ R　　…(,/;/.) therefore,…句型(更强烈的结果关系)
( n2 n2 r: i& b0 R, I　　…(,/;/.) meanwhile,…句型(表时间关系)
5 B1 Z. V% E( |/ w& Z+ @& z　　…(,/;/.) consequently,…句型(表结果关系)
  M0 m3 ]6 A9 H9 ^% f: |　　…(,/;/.) admittedly,…句型(表让步关系)
　　这些基本知识构成了：
: e; \. ]% p6 W, }! d　　?1)简单句扩展到复杂句
1 g  h/ z0 d/ G4 \) o　　?2)复杂句拆分为简单句
2 J3 j: F7 ?( n2 @$ U4 |5 p　　由“分到合”，由“合到分”的“基石”。