英语专业八级人文知识(五)

会计考友

英国概况
3 N, f, `- ^* e; {. d练习题：
1 Britain was the first country to industrialize because of the following factors except _____.
! P0 D1 P! v8 E, ]. H6 M4 q4 nA Britain was well placed geographically to participate in European and world trade.
B Britain had many rivers, which were useful for transport.
! g$ L1 @1 K* Q! ~C British engineers had sound training and the inventors were respected.
  h, ]8 x1 [% Y' RD British government was increasingly interested in overseas and colonies after the 17th century.
2 The United Kingdom is a constitutional monarchy. The _____ has very little power.
A queen B monarch C prime minister D king
. q, X' J( ~# Q  N3 Which party has always had strong links with the trade unions and received financial support from them?
, w( `7 a0 B$ E; G* eA the Labor Party B the Conservative Party
# ?. o' j5 u/ z' n/ {% m& m! y  xC the Liberal Party D the Social Democratic Party
- Q' w  R: {# a6 M; J4 On accepting ____, the age of constitutional monarchy, of a monarchy with powers limited by Parliament, began.
A Constitutional Law B The Declaration of Independence
C Civil Law D Bill of Rights
5 Females were allowed to vote in national elections until ____.
$ C" \0 g" I5 ~* ~# ^# aA 1918 B 1916 C 1920 D 1896
6 The British North America Act of 1867 established ____ as a domain.
5 V' o. q. k" x: Y, o0 B: {: fA Australia B Canada C New Zealand D India
2 Y$ W+ ^1 u6 f$ O7 During World War II, as a war leader, _____ received massive popular support and led his country to final victory in 1945.
* v# g% C3 q8 z3 O: xA Harold Wilson B Edward Heath C Franklin Roosevelt D Winston Churchill
' N' ]+ v0 j0 Y( C) S  q( y! u8 The Falkland Islands war was between Britain and _____.
. m  ^, f* A# M$ }9 ?+ _A France B New Zealand C Argentina D Australia
9 \5 R, `2 o6 t' \" U, {5 y6 Q9 In Britain, a _____ is held when a Member of Parliament dies, retires or resigns.
A civic election B by-election C popular election D general election
10 In the United Kingdom, ministers are appointed by the Queen on the recommendation of _____.
$ d9 k$ e2 E' x& v# UA the Lord Chancellor B the Monarch C the Prime Minister D the King 练习题答案及题解:
: Z+ o) h+ Z, g1 D, 英国之所以能成为世界上最早开始工业化的国家,原因有很多。但英国是从17世纪以后逐步开始对海外贸易和开拓海外殖民地产生浓厚兴趣的。
2 B, 英国是君主立宪制国家，国王或女王（君主）几乎没什么实质性的权力。
3 A, 保守党和自由党是英国最早成立的两个党派。大致来说，保守党是中上层阶级的党，它得到大公司财政上的支持；而工党，主要得到工会的支持，它的支持者主要是中产阶级和知识分子。
# w  B* O8 E5 n4 D, 《权利法案》的签署，标志着英国进入了君主立宪制时代，一个君主几乎没有什么实质性权力并受制于议会的时代。
5 A, 直到1918年妇女才在全国大选中享有选举权。
6 B, 《1867年英国北美法案》将加拿大纳为它的自治领。
7 D, 在第二次世界大战中，当时的英国首相丘吉尔作为战争统帅受到了英国人民的广泛拥戴，并带领英国人民赢得了战争的最后胜利。
% D% a2 g. v5 q0 p* T2 b! m8 C, 福克兰群岛战役是发生在英国和阿根廷着这两个国家之间。位于大西洋南部的福克兰群岛从1892年起就是英国的海外殖民地，1982年阿根廷开始控制这些岛屿，但是英国最终打败了阿根廷，并重新占领了这些岛屿。
9 B, 英国的下院议会成员中有人去世、退休或辞职时，就要进行补缺选举。
10 C, 在英国，部长们是由首相推荐，女王加以任命的。