英语专业八级人文知识(五)

会计考友

英国概况
  R6 t6 }; I+ C1 y( _' L  Y练习题：
1 Britain was the first country to industrialize because of the following factors except _____.
+ g5 E$ P' L3 y8 Y9 |. C0 ~A Britain was well placed geographically to participate in European and world trade.
& e  a9 p3 t) D" H6 X8 Q; U; G$ dB Britain had many rivers, which were useful for transport.
) T$ u, m9 ~6 u0 t- C! i  NC British engineers had sound training and the inventors were respected.
/ [# R! x( {7 E) H0 N4 N* DD British government was increasingly interested in overseas and colonies after the 17th century.
2 The United Kingdom is a constitutional monarchy. The _____ has very little power.
A queen B monarch C prime minister D king
3 Which party has always had strong links with the trade unions and received financial support from them?
, W$ X4 l( M  Q+ _8 uA the Labor Party B the Conservative Party
& a, W; o2 B: Q. b9 H8 U! A! WC the Liberal Party D the Social Democratic Party
9 m  C0 r0 Q4 ]6 {+ K9 i0 B4 On accepting ____, the age of constitutional monarchy, of a monarchy with powers limited by Parliament, began.
A Constitutional Law B The Declaration of Independence
6 S) ^8 \; v+ M0 f# h7 p& HC Civil Law D Bill of Rights
# X: E3 p( E& ?" A( a+ Q5 Females were allowed to vote in national elections until ____.
A 1918 B 1916 C 1920 D 1896
  B2 X  o* B  Q6 The British North America Act of 1867 established ____ as a domain.
A Australia B Canada C New Zealand D India
6 x  L0 E1 U3 I0 c' J: d7 During World War II, as a war leader, _____ received massive popular support and led his country to final victory in 1945.
A Harold Wilson B Edward Heath C Franklin Roosevelt D Winston Churchill
8 The Falkland Islands war was between Britain and _____.
' n$ A  ^: {4 A# E- N# Q- HA France B New Zealand C Argentina D Australia
9 In Britain, a _____ is held when a Member of Parliament dies, retires or resigns.
) B- A2 K) E" Z; VA civic election B by-election C popular election D general election
3 ~( m0 t; B+ q6 z  Q3 O# r10 In the United Kingdom, ministers are appointed by the Queen on the recommendation of _____.
A the Lord Chancellor B the Monarch C the Prime Minister D the King 练习题答案及题解:
1 D, 英国之所以能成为世界上最早开始工业化的国家,原因有很多。但英国是从17世纪以后逐步开始对海外贸易和开拓海外殖民地产生浓厚兴趣的。
2 B, 英国是君主立宪制国家，国王或女王（君主）几乎没什么实质性的权力。
$ q: X+ l. I) E3 A, 保守党和自由党是英国最早成立的两个党派。大致来说，保守党是中上层阶级的党，它得到大公司财政上的支持；而工党，主要得到工会的支持，它的支持者主要是中产阶级和知识分子。
+ Y) I0 a* p8 o4 D, 《权利法案》的签署，标志着英国进入了君主立宪制时代，一个君主几乎没有什么实质性权力并受制于议会的时代。
: v% Y- }! T: z6 U; c5 A, 直到1918年妇女才在全国大选中享有选举权。
, G! B! `4 i6 `/ _- q6 B, 《1867年英国北美法案》将加拿大纳为它的自治领。
7 D, 在第二次世界大战中，当时的英国首相丘吉尔作为战争统帅受到了英国人民的广泛拥戴，并带领英国人民赢得了战争的最后胜利。
  P( S  r- J) S8 C, 福克兰群岛战役是发生在英国和阿根廷着这两个国家之间。位于大西洋南部的福克兰群岛从1892年起就是英国的海外殖民地，1982年阿根廷开始控制这些岛屿，但是英国最终打败了阿根廷，并重新占领了这些岛屿。
" Y1 o4 s/ a0 x. w7 R9 B, 英国的下院议会成员中有人去世、退休或辞职时，就要进行补缺选举。
10 C, 在英国，部长们是由首相推荐，女王加以任命的。