英语专业八级人文知识辅导资料(5)

会计考友

　　英国概况
3 |) a5 Y0 _, e$ e　　练习题：
! H# B. J0 z! c4 I3 S0 I) P9 L　　1 Britain was the first country to industrialize because of the following factors except _____.
　　A Britain was well placed geographically to participate in European and world trade.
　　B Britain had many rivers, which were useful for transport.
1 v0 x# L3 {/ N9 A, {6 ^　　C British engineers had sound training and the inventors were respected.
　　D British government was increasingly interested in overseas and colonies after the 17th century.
5 b: [6 z) \6 A4 A, Z7 B  D　　2 The United Kingdom is a constitutional monarchy. The _____ has very little power.
　　A queen B monarch C prime minister D king
　　3 Which party has always had strong links with the trade unions and received financial support from them?
: M0 Y! I$ ?  s+ G　　A the Labor Party B the Conservative Party
4 s! X  ^$ O8 N' E) h% k- N5 @7 _　　C the Liberal Party D the Social Democratic Party
0 \* ^6 E9 X9 K8 H* e  s　　4 On accepting ____, the age of constitutional monarchy, of a monarchy with powers limited by Parliament, began.
　　A Constitutional Law B The Declaration of Independence
　　C Civil Law D Bill of Rights
) t1 g* T9 T. I" E　　5 Females were allowed to vote in national elections until ____.
2 C4 G5 E. x. e  s) f4 o7 O* I* b　　A 1918 B 1916 C 1920 D 1896
' _2 ]0 L) n+ v& B, P　　6 The British North America Act of 1867 established ____ as a domain.
　　A Australia B Canada C New Zealand D India
# ~1 m+ _# R. u4 G5 ^& T0 `　　7 During World War II, as a war leader, _____ received massive popular support and led his country to final victory in 1945.
　　A Harold Wilson B Edward Heath C Franklin Roosevelt D Winston Churchill
9 ^6 I3 e9 ?& y% N7 G6 l　　8 The Falkland Islands war was between Britain and _____.
　　A France B New Zealand C Argentina D Australia
" ]1 o2 c1 F1 @　　9 In Britain, a _____ is held when a Member of Parliament dies, retires or resigns.
1 c4 k5 D/ q* k! g9 C% K) T9 c+ X　　A civic election B by-election C popular election D general election
  \3 \7 \/ m6 e7 r$ {2 s$ v) R　　10 In the United Kingdom, ministers are appointed by the Queen on the recommendation of _____.
( P* r6 _2 r- s, T; t　　A the Lord Chancellor B the Monarch C the Prime Minister D the King
8 g5 n4 q( b! {9 C8 O& `　　练习题答案及题解:
8 @' b+ k" T. d2 E. P　　1 D, 英国之所以能成为世界上最早开始工业化的国家,原因有很多。但英国是从17世纪以后逐步开始对海外贸易和开拓海外殖民地产生浓厚兴趣的。
　　2 B, 英国是君主立宪制国家，国王或女王（君主）几乎没什么实质性的权力。
9 t! C2 @1 k8 K* ^4 y　　3 A, 保守党和自由党是英国最早成立的两个党派。大致来说，保守党是中上层阶级的党，它得到大公司财政上的支持；而工党，主要得到工会的支持，它的支持者主要是中产阶级和知识分子。
　　4 D, 《权利法案》的签署，标志着英国进入了君主立宪制时代，一个君主几乎没有什么实质性权力并受制于议会的时代。
8 _8 b( p& B6 d! m+ G) O　　5 A, 直到1918年妇女才在全国大选中享有选举权。
　　6 B, 《1867年英国北美法案》将加拿大纳为它的自治领。
) r& Z4 N  S4 U3 f0 l　　7 D, 在第二次世界大战中，当时的英国首相丘吉尔作为战争统帅受到了英国人民的广泛拥戴，并带领英国人民赢得了战争的最后胜利。
　　8 C, 福克兰群岛战役是发生在英国和阿根廷着这两个国家之间。位于大西洋南部的福克兰群岛从1892年起就是英国的海外殖民地，1982年阿根廷开始控制这些岛屿，但是英国最终打败了阿根廷，并重新占领了这些岛屿。
6 m5 ~2 H5 M. k, @% o$ R: w( a　　9 B, 英国的下院议会成员中有人去世、退休或辞职时，就要进行补缺选举。
　　10 C, 在英国，部长们是由首相推荐，女王加以任命的。