英语专业八级人文知识辅导资料(5)

会计考友

　　英国概况
% r; r9 j* z! @( L& P　　练习题：
& }/ m7 e  v: \% o+ Z, l　　1 Britain was the first country to industrialize because of the following factors except _____.
) k2 P. l% T4 x　　A Britain was well placed geographically to participate in European and world trade.
* b* b8 ?6 b2 Y; R+ m, q3 I) O　　B Britain had many rivers, which were useful for transport.
" X( ?/ m; ]- _9 O. U# E　　C British engineers had sound training and the inventors were respected.
　　D British government was increasingly interested in overseas and colonies after the 17th century.
6 ?" s' j6 P% y: {. A　　2 The United Kingdom is a constitutional monarchy. The _____ has very little power.
　　A queen B monarch C prime minister D king
　　3 Which party has always had strong links with the trade unions and received financial support from them?
9 }' M$ |" ]2 O9 {( c( S! r" G6 s" K　　A the Labor Party B the Conservative Party
, m, W6 |7 q; G: J0 I8 F1 {* _　　C the Liberal Party D the Social Democratic Party
6 q! W7 w% n9 @: u" V7 M0 D0 N　　4 On accepting ____, the age of constitutional monarchy, of a monarchy with powers limited by Parliament, began.
　　A Constitutional Law B The Declaration of Independence
　　C Civil Law D Bill of Rights
　　5 Females were allowed to vote in national elections until ____.
　　A 1918 B 1916 C 1920 D 1896
　　6 The British North America Act of 1867 established ____ as a domain.
　　A Australia B Canada C New Zealand D India
2 i+ A$ d9 j+ {' j3 Z　　7 During World War II, as a war leader, _____ received massive popular support and led his country to final victory in 1945.
  o! S% @) s8 R4 h+ {　　A Harold Wilson B Edward Heath C Franklin Roosevelt D Winston Churchill
1 l! b2 ~( g9 r, B' F9 d9 P* G3 T　　8 The Falkland Islands war was between Britain and _____.
　　A France B New Zealand C Argentina D Australia
　　9 In Britain, a _____ is held when a Member of Parliament dies, retires or resigns.
+ G) y8 K  w: K2 W( t) K4 {  {　　A civic election B by-election C popular election D general election
% o* S" i& r' H7 r　　10 In the United Kingdom, ministers are appointed by the Queen on the recommendation of _____.
, n3 ~8 U  z& ?: V　　A the Lord Chancellor B the Monarch C the Prime Minister D the King
. I8 N7 W- O) m2 L/ ]! }0 _　　练习题答案及题解:
　　1 D, 英国之所以能成为世界上最早开始工业化的国家,原因有很多。但英国是从17世纪以后逐步开始对海外贸易和开拓海外殖民地产生浓厚兴趣的。
; H# y& W/ Y2 [　　2 B, 英国是君主立宪制国家，国王或女王（君主）几乎没什么实质性的权力。
& u; v, q" ?6 V5 ~/ ^, m" m　　3 A, 保守党和自由党是英国最早成立的两个党派。大致来说，保守党是中上层阶级的党，它得到大公司财政上的支持；而工党，主要得到工会的支持，它的支持者主要是中产阶级和知识分子。
　　4 D, 《权利法案》的签署，标志着英国进入了君主立宪制时代，一个君主几乎没有什么实质性权力并受制于议会的时代。
　　5 A, 直到1918年妇女才在全国大选中享有选举权。
; ?8 i+ }  ]9 H/ h( q& p' p; i　　6 B, 《1867年英国北美法案》将加拿大纳为它的自治领。
　　7 D, 在第二次世界大战中，当时的英国首相丘吉尔作为战争统帅受到了英国人民的广泛拥戴，并带领英国人民赢得了战争的最后胜利。
5 v) _  `! X/ L2 X8 B: P　　8 C, 福克兰群岛战役是发生在英国和阿根廷着这两个国家之间。位于大西洋南部的福克兰群岛从1892年起就是英国的海外殖民地，1982年阿根廷开始控制这些岛屿，但是英国最终打败了阿根廷，并重新占领了这些岛屿。
' ^9 {. r7 b+ s6 F/ U; M: ?4 E　　9 B, 英国的下院议会成员中有人去世、退休或辞职时，就要进行补缺选举。
0 X0 O- [& r  [1 S　　10 C, 在英国，部长们是由首相推荐，女王加以任命的。