英语专业八级人文知识辅导资料(5)

会计考友

　　英国概况
* V; \: M; J! [5 t　　练习题：
  w# B1 X2 A! F% g' Y) O! [　　1 Britain was the first country to industrialize because of the following factors except _____.
! u& J7 Y( h* C: s6 X　　A Britain was well placed geographically to participate in European and world trade.
　　B Britain had many rivers, which were useful for transport.
　　C British engineers had sound training and the inventors were respected.
+ W  P* B5 l! b7 z　　D British government was increasingly interested in overseas and colonies after the 17th century.
, S" M. ^6 C( e9 Z& I9 c; \　　2 The United Kingdom is a constitutional monarchy. The _____ has very little power.
- ~- C. J/ k$ [1 w/ N　　A queen B monarch C prime minister D king
( {9 {/ j8 j! v) P; X　　3 Which party has always had strong links with the trade unions and received financial support from them?
　　A the Labor Party B the Conservative Party
　　C the Liberal Party D the Social Democratic Party
　　4 On accepting ____, the age of constitutional monarchy, of a monarchy with powers limited by Parliament, began.
4 k/ ~3 ~8 f' k8 s　　A Constitutional Law B The Declaration of Independence
　　C Civil Law D Bill of Rights
+ y2 }0 w( t, J　　5 Females were allowed to vote in national elections until ____.
　　A 1918 B 1916 C 1920 D 1896
　　6 The British North America Act of 1867 established ____ as a domain.
　　A Australia B Canada C New Zealand D India
　　7 During World War II, as a war leader, _____ received massive popular support and led his country to final victory in 1945.
% O# l5 @1 \8 O　　A Harold Wilson B Edward Heath C Franklin Roosevelt D Winston Churchill
　　8 The Falkland Islands war was between Britain and _____.
. g6 B, Y# B  v8 d/ {6 R5 G　　A France B New Zealand C Argentina D Australia
　　9 In Britain, a _____ is held when a Member of Parliament dies, retires or resigns.
　　A civic election B by-election C popular election D general election
　　10 In the United Kingdom, ministers are appointed by the Queen on the recommendation of _____.
) W! e& l8 L4 c　　A the Lord Chancellor B the Monarch C the Prime Minister D the King
( |2 i/ \1 P; W, N' d1 M! d; d　　练习题答案及题解:
　　1 D, 英国之所以能成为世界上最早开始工业化的国家,原因有很多。但英国是从17世纪以后逐步开始对海外贸易和开拓海外殖民地产生浓厚兴趣的。
* K5 s( }  P+ k' @　　2 B, 英国是君主立宪制国家，国王或女王（君主）几乎没什么实质性的权力。
, E8 Y- F+ ~  A3 n9 F　　3 A, 保守党和自由党是英国最早成立的两个党派。大致来说，保守党是中上层阶级的党，它得到大公司财政上的支持；而工党，主要得到工会的支持，它的支持者主要是中产阶级和知识分子。
　　4 D, 《权利法案》的签署，标志着英国进入了君主立宪制时代，一个君主几乎没有什么实质性权力并受制于议会的时代。
; p- J7 L/ B- Y" j8 Y6 a　　5 A, 直到1918年妇女才在全国大选中享有选举权。
" G4 E* N4 s9 E3 K+ T( q# U　　6 B, 《1867年英国北美法案》将加拿大纳为它的自治领。
　　7 D, 在第二次世界大战中，当时的英国首相丘吉尔作为战争统帅受到了英国人民的广泛拥戴，并带领英国人民赢得了战争的最后胜利。
$ X; }9 @5 g1 s7 E　　8 C, 福克兰群岛战役是发生在英国和阿根廷着这两个国家之间。位于大西洋南部的福克兰群岛从1892年起就是英国的海外殖民地，1982年阿根廷开始控制这些岛屿，但是英国最终打败了阿根廷，并重新占领了这些岛屿。
/ U/ ]% {$ J8 F5 M: f　　9 B, 英国的下院议会成员中有人去世、退休或辞职时，就要进行补缺选举。
# ]/ L$ D2 b; u) b! A. }+ w- ]　　10 C, 在英国，部长们是由首相推荐，女王加以任命的。