英国概况6 j, _' s7 W& W8 d, I
练习题:
L/ O2 R8 `( F8 L2 T, P7 Z 1 How many members are there in the House of Commons?
# p) t8 b8 h4 f. |+ Q) r* T A 650 B 524 C 72 D 651( }! {# I0 W; R# M2 N7 y
2 Which of the following people didn’t use to be the British Prime Minister?4 d% D9 w3 U4 t
A Margaret Thatcher B Winston Churchill C Horatio Nelson D John Major9 U* e; m6 d0 |- s$ {' W4 Z
3 By tradition, the leader of the majority party is appointed _____ by the Sovereign in the United Kingdom.3 ^# ? t1 C0 ~7 H( ?& ]1 K
A Prime Minister B Member of Parliament) v% J9 S& Z+ A5 U" q
C Lord of appeal D Speaker of the House
4 J" f1 H$ M8 j: G- J5 I/ n 4 The Tories were the forerunners of _____, which still bears this nickname today.$ H/ B7 L! R; n( _) M5 }$ ^- d$ C
A the Labour Party B the Conservative Party/ W0 T8 W/ g* ]6 F/ ]
C the Liberal Party D the Social Democratic Party
4 Q) `% K4 p( Q$ V, ^: [ 5 In the United Kingdom, the party which wins the ____ number of seats in the House of Commons becomes the official Opposition.
! }$ S! @& Q' d$ U A largest B second largest C third largest D fourth largest
2 _* u# H; ?5 q7 f, O. I# S 6 The term “British disease” is now often used to characterize Britain’s _____ decline.
3 z' L, c' b% R3 K A political B educational C military D economic8 R; ]) B; X/ F- N1 u
7 The 1980s was remembered as the decade of _____.
, `! k' Z' o% m A globalization B nationalization C privatization D competition
1 L) |, X2 `% L* ~: Q 8 Today, in Britain, ______ is called a “sick” industry.
; a+ F2 l) C& A( y+ }5 ` A coal mining B iron and steel C textiles D shipbuilding/ y; f$ H" ]0 V! K7 a! A
9 The first steam engine was devised by Thomas Newcomer at the end of the 17th century, and the Scottish inventor ____ modified and improved the design in 1765. A Abraham Darby B James Watt C John Kay D Richard Arkwrightthe
, o5 ?& O8 E: i e3 P 10 _____ created the industrial working class, the proletariat, and it later led to trade unionism.
; _1 D" B5 }9 U( e7 n# t: c/ l A The Chartist Movement B The Industrial Revolution( |/ |$ H. C5 O/ p) K$ H
C The French Revolution D The Glorious Revolution
/ C3 I; q& Y$ q 练习题答案及题解:
5 Y" T4 K5 ~. _; q, ? 1 D, 下议院共有651名议员。
5 h i/ ^( v! c$ O3 f 2 C, 撒切尔夫人,丘吉尔和梅杰都曾经做过英国首相;而纳尔逊(1758-1805),英国海军统帅,因作战负伤,右眼失明,失去右臂。后任地中海舰队司令,在特法尔加角海战中大败西班牙联合舰队,本人受重伤阵亡,号称 Viscount Nelson。
+ F; `- t4 O% D! a1 b' v) Q 3 A, 在英国,按照传统,多数党的领导人由君主任命为首相,首相从本党内部挑选一些领导人担任各部部长职位。2 I5 q- E. G& M/ U3 W- _
4 B, 托利党是英国保守党的前身。 e; O% J+ Z& o# u9 [& F: b g
5 B, 在英国,在下议院中赢得第二席位的政党为反对党,它也有它自己的领导和影子内阁(shadow cabinet)。
0 `/ Z& O; h! a; H9 `7 [0 t {% ` 6 D, 现在“英国病”这一术语经常用来指英国经济上的衰退。
- E! a% E# q) v 7 C, 正如20世纪40年代被看作是国有化的时代一样,20世纪80年代被看作是私有化的时代。包括英国石油、航空、钢铁、电讯在内的几乎40% 的国有公司实现了私有化。
" l) Y1 ^! {; A) E 8 A, 英国煤矿业被称为生病工业。英国的煤产量在一战前达到顶点,如今的英国的煤矿业衰退,从而导致矿工的数量、煤矿的总产量大大下降。
, |; M: d" D% q6 a0 R* p 9 B, 第一台蒸汽机是 Thomas Newcomer 在17世纪末设计的,后来苏格兰发明家瓦特在1765年对原有的设计进行了改进提高,生产出了第一台高效的蒸汽机并应用到纺织和其他机械业中。+ ~5 T& ]% V2 @* e
10 B, 工业革命产生了工人阶级,即无产阶级。后来形成了工会制度。 |