英国概况8 P" M2 z' i1 P: s# F2 I! b
练习题:6 X1 Q7 P6 g Q
1 How many members are there in the House of Commons?0 c" q! P+ t) J% G) ?
A 650 B 524 C 72 D 651
) m7 U4 O+ e2 f5 k) c5 S1 t 2 Which of the following people didn’t use to be the British Prime Minister?
9 I/ _$ z% [; w) |7 S8 ^( v A Margaret Thatcher B Winston Churchill C Horatio Nelson D John Major, W" h) ^+ Y* t
3 By tradition, the leader of the majority party is appointed _____ by the Sovereign in the United Kingdom.3 P5 d# x7 X* }6 p" Q. a
A Prime Minister B Member of Parliament
, p5 X f) o4 h, O3 Q& U C Lord of appeal D Speaker of the House
- g, V1 i# L/ R' o$ X. z& w 4 The Tories were the forerunners of _____, which still bears this nickname today.
, O& D7 A- e' M, a7 Y, [ M. s A the Labour Party B the Conservative Party9 _5 ?1 b+ [. x$ ?
C the Liberal Party D the Social Democratic Party
/ Z; \2 B. [9 u2 q6 @; { } 5 In the United Kingdom, the party which wins the ____ number of seats in the House of Commons becomes the official Opposition.
8 J. H! J- `7 l5 x9 ` A largest B second largest C third largest D fourth largest
; R& _3 m4 C" l* O+ \) V" q2 _ J; l 6 The term “British disease” is now often used to characterize Britain’s _____ decline.4 J1 t D: h( a' S: O
A political B educational C military D economic
$ O( {, `9 q: h 7 The 1980s was remembered as the decade of _____.
& O- w6 m& |3 k3 { A globalization B nationalization C privatization D competition
Z2 l. _" \. L: p0 \ 8 Today, in Britain, ______ is called a “sick” industry." R; O& q0 Y, p, r5 _
A coal mining B iron and steel C textiles D shipbuilding
1 F. @1 b' ~9 v& x 9 The first steam engine was devised by Thomas Newcomer at the end of the 17th century, and the Scottish inventor ____ modified and improved the design in 1765. A Abraham Darby B James Watt C John Kay D Richard Arkwrightthe
7 J) e; f |* B4 f5 `- @ 10 _____ created the industrial working class, the proletariat, and it later led to trade unionism." u& U( `/ s6 f7 x
A The Chartist Movement B The Industrial Revolution
D$ {1 ?4 Y( t" c4 X+ v C The French Revolution D The Glorious Revolution
3 `) H% Y/ \1 ?* @. A, }; G. w 练习题答案及题解:/ b/ [; s" y- E3 e
1 D, 下议院共有651名议员。8 v& a% j4 Q: E% M$ w% l# l2 N5 O q3 @
2 C, 撒切尔夫人,丘吉尔和梅杰都曾经做过英国首相;而纳尔逊(1758-1805),英国海军统帅,因作战负伤,右眼失明,失去右臂。后任地中海舰队司令,在特法尔加角海战中大败西班牙联合舰队,本人受重伤阵亡,号称 Viscount Nelson。
7 V- F5 {- }$ |8 G5 A- m! M, a: Z# C 3 A, 在英国,按照传统,多数党的领导人由君主任命为首相,首相从本党内部挑选一些领导人担任各部部长职位。7 W1 Z6 a$ x8 L' `4 V
4 B, 托利党是英国保守党的前身。
7 A+ e0 _/ ~4 K/ D: \3 I# h0 B 5 B, 在英国,在下议院中赢得第二席位的政党为反对党,它也有它自己的领导和影子内阁(shadow cabinet)。/ C6 A* M/ b4 j9 O% [
6 D, 现在“英国病”这一术语经常用来指英国经济上的衰退。3 ~6 r- x9 D- C$ d$ j0 P, b
7 C, 正如20世纪40年代被看作是国有化的时代一样,20世纪80年代被看作是私有化的时代。包括英国石油、航空、钢铁、电讯在内的几乎40% 的国有公司实现了私有化。8 d! [+ S! z7 X b! `# q& B# |9 d
8 A, 英国煤矿业被称为生病工业。英国的煤产量在一战前达到顶点,如今的英国的煤矿业衰退,从而导致矿工的数量、煤矿的总产量大大下降。- w5 ~4 i8 F" e" [& i
9 B, 第一台蒸汽机是 Thomas Newcomer 在17世纪末设计的,后来苏格兰发明家瓦特在1765年对原有的设计进行了改进提高,生产出了第一台高效的蒸汽机并应用到纺织和其他机械业中。; r% I; [) @. [% n! h
10 B, 工业革命产生了工人阶级,即无产阶级。后来形成了工会制度。 |