英语专业八级人文知识辅导资料(6)

会计考友

　　英国概况
　　练习题：
　　1 How many members are there in the House of Commons?
( y: d( B' n! _, \# y# s0 H　　A 650 B 524 C 72 D 651
+ v+ _& |- t/ B5 Y　　2 Which of the following people didn’t use to be the British Prime Minister?
　　A Margaret Thatcher B Winston Churchill C Horatio Nelson D John Major
　　3 By tradition, the leader of the majority party is appointed _____ by the Sovereign in the United Kingdom.
　　A Prime Minister B Member of Parliament
' [: n; m# W  m3 Y- h　　C Lord of appeal D Speaker of the House
4 L# V1 ]- B4 w8 `6 W1 L7 L　　4 The Tories were the forerunners of _____, which still bears this nickname today.
　　A the Labour Party B the Conservative Party
- A1 e6 Q- }* s0 j! A4 N　　C the Liberal Party D the Social Democratic Party
0 w' h0 t( w0 M3 \/ ~: v　　5 In the United Kingdom, the party which wins the ____ number of seats in the House of Commons becomes the official Opposition.
2 [7 o1 z# H; ^) t3 p8 {　　A largest B second largest C third largest D fourth largest
　　6 The term “British disease” is now often used to characterize Britain’s _____ decline.
- H8 L* S: O# g6 L　　A political B educational C military D economic
. w1 T7 L* E. I( X7 p/ T　　7 The 1980s was remembered as the decade of _____.
　　A globalization B nationalization C privatization D competition
6 `" [7 F& A8 {" d5 k1 a　　8 Today, in Britain, ______ is called a “sick” industry.
　　A coal mining B iron and steel C textiles D shipbuilding
  ?5 u+ J7 e6 z2 F; w( O6 o  L　　9 The first steam engine was devised by Thomas Newcomer at the end of the 17th century, and the Scottish inventor ____ modified and improved the design in 1765. A　Abraham Darby B James Watt C John Kay D Richard Arkwrightthe
  x% a) N/ Y* _　　10 _____ created the industrial working class, the proletariat, and it later led to trade unionism.
7 F- A9 c  v7 D　　A The Chartist Movement B The Industrial Revolution
' r3 K% c  H8 X3 r- h# h　　C The French Revolution D The Glorious Revolution
, U2 a* }0 S# q7 a( [　　练习题答案及题解:
1 ?+ V% J; z$ {9 `$ {6 X　　1 D, 下议院共有651名议员。
　　2 C, 撒切尔夫人，丘吉尔和梅杰都曾经做过英国首相；而纳尔逊（1758-1805），英国海军统帅，因作战负伤，右眼失明，失去右臂。后任地中海舰队司令，在特法尔加角海战中大败西班牙联合舰队，本人受重伤阵亡，号称 Viscount Nelson。
　　3 A, 在英国，按照传统，多数党的领导人由君主任命为首相，首相从本党内部挑选一些领导人担任各部部长职位。
( T6 C/ |4 W1 u: [+ b　　4 B, 托利党是英国保守党的前身。
　　5 B, 在英国，在下议院中赢得第二席位的政党为反对党，它也有它自己的领导和影子内阁（shadow cabinet）。
　　6 D, 现在“英国病”这一术语经常用来指英国经济上的衰退。
2 E" b" N9 R0 \% m8 m　　7 C, 正如20世纪40年代被看作是国有化的时代一样，20世纪80年代被看作是私有化的时代。包括英国石油、航空、钢铁、电讯在内的几乎40% 的国有公司实现了私有化。
6 B0 O; K8 l7 D7 n　　8 A, 英国煤矿业被称为生病工业。英国的煤产量在一战前达到顶点，如今的英国的煤矿业衰退，从而导致矿工的数量、煤矿的总产量大大下降。
　　9 B, 第一台蒸汽机是 Thomas Newcomer 在17世纪末设计的，后来苏格兰发明家瓦特在1765年对原有的设计进行了改进提高，生产出了第一台高效的蒸汽机并应用到纺织和其他机械业中。
5 W! {; \& `  e! {) Z/ g　　10 B, 工业革命产生了工人阶级，即无产阶级。后来形成了工会制度。