英语专业八级人文知识资料(5)

会计考友

　　英国概况
　　练习题：
8 m; G- p* k: d　　1 Britain was the first country to industrialize because of the following factors except _____.
+ D1 b2 u# M0 N* ^' \; Z　　A Britain was well placed geographically to participate in European and world trade.
　　B Britain had many rivers, which were useful for transport.
6 _/ A" H9 E) b7 ]- n4 c# v　　C British engineers had sound training and the inventors were respected.
　　D British government was increasingly interested in overseas and colonies after the 17th century.
　　2 The United Kingdom is a constitutional monarchy. The _____ has very little power.
0 u. n1 s/ k. e% k4 ~　　A queen B monarch C prime minister D king
4 B( m% ], }( X+ D( V$ @+ L　　3 Which party has always had strong links with the trade unions and received financial support from them?
( D; T/ D( G  l( M+ L$ y# ?　　A the Labor Party B the Conservative Party
　　C the Liberal Party D the Social Democratic Party
　　4 On accepting ____, the age of constitutional monarchy, of a monarchy with powers limited by Parliament, began.
0 ]7 s# ^' \* A2 L8 b. q' t　　A Constitutional Law B The Declaration of Independence
　　C Civil Law D Bill of Rights
* S: a% F& T+ q  s! {5 `3 s: u　　5 Females were allowed to vote in national elections until ____.
　　A 1918 B 1916 C 1920 D 1896
0 C4 S; u  Q  D2 G' z  t; Q% T! s　　6 The British North America Act of 1867 established ____ as a domain.
　　A Australia B Canada C New Zealand D India
　　7 During World War II, as a war leader, _____ received massive popular support and led his country to final victory in 1945.
　　A Harold Wilson B Edward Heath C Franklin Roosevelt D Winston Churchill
　　8 The Falkland Islands war was between Britain and _____.
　　A France B New Zealand C Argentina D Australia
% |/ ~/ M' W2 O　　9 In Britain, a _____ is held when a Member of Parliament dies, retires or resigns.
　　A civic election B by-election C popular election D general election
$ H1 Z" ]4 Q+ v* L% D　　10 In the United Kingdom, ministers are appointed by the Queen on the recommendation of _____.
　　A the Lord Chancellor B the Monarch C the Prime Minister D the King
' ]! ?1 g3 Z- m" r1 _0 h　　练习题答案及题解:
% a% e: t( h' D0 t  H　　1 D, 英国之所以能成为世界上最早开始工业化的国家,原因有很多。但英国是从17世纪以后逐步开始对海外贸易和开拓海外殖民地产生浓厚兴趣的。
. Q8 f/ P3 O5 e　　2 B, 英国是君主立宪制国家，国王或女王（君主）几乎没什么实质性的权力。
* Y. b4 M7 K* K  F; x, y1 @6 k0 @) \. n# x　　3 A, 保守党和自由党是英国最早成立的两个党派。大致来说，保守党是中上层阶级的党，它得到大公司财政上的支持；而工党，主要得到工会的支持，它的支持者主要是中产阶级和知识分子。
　　4 D, 《权利法案》的签署，标志着英国进入了君主立宪制时代，一个君主几乎没有什么实质性权力并受制于议会的时代。
2 J. u& Y. u, l9 _8 v$ V/ ]　　5 A, 直到1918年妇女才在全国大选中享有选举权。
+ {& S5 W# S6 v+ m# q　　6 B, 《1867年英国北美法案》将加拿大纳为它的自治领。
( |9 f% u3 @: q, p　　7 D, 在第二次世界大战中，当时的英国首相丘吉尔作为战争统帅受到了英国人民的广泛拥戴，并带领英国人民赢得了战争的最后胜利。
　　8 C, 福克兰群岛战役是发生在英国和阿根廷着这两个国家之间。位于大西洋南部的福克兰群岛从1892年起就是英国的海外殖民地，1982年阿根廷开始控制这些岛屿，但是英国最终打败了阿根廷，并重新占领了这些岛屿。
2 b0 M/ N$ r5 s　　9 B, 英国的下院议会成员中有人去世、退休或辞职时，就要进行补缺选举。
2 y+ K0 u7 j( x) y$ e　　10 C, 在英国，部长们是由首相推荐，女王加以任命的。